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Commiphora myrrha (Nees) Engl.
BOTANICAL DETAILS OF PLANT
Synonyms
Commiphora myrrha Commiphora myrrha (Nees) Engl Balsamea myrrha (T.Nees) Oken Balsamea myrrha Baill Balsamea playfairii Engl Balsamodendrum myrrha T.Nees Commiphora coriacea Engl Commiphora cuspidata Chiov Commiphora molmol (Engl.) Engl. ex Tschirch Commiphora myrrha var. molmol Engl Commiphora rivae Engl
Kew Herbarium Links
Classification
Kingdom
Plantae
Subkingdom
Superdivision
Embryophyta
Division
Tracheophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Subclass
Order
Sapindales
Family
Burseraceae
Genus
Commiphora
Species
C. myrrha (Nees) Engl.
Plant Description
Commiphora Myrrha, is a deciduous, spiny, glabrous shrub or small tree, a short trunk up to 4 m tall. Outer bark silvery, or bluish grey, peeling in papery flakes, greener underbark; exudate less fragrant, viscid, producing a hard translucent yellowish gum-resin. Leaves trifoliate, papery, greyish green, variable in shape and size; petiole upto10 mm long; leaves elliptic, oblong to oval, spathulate, lanceolate, attenuate, cuneate, base round, acute or round apically, 6-42 mm X3-20 mm wide,margin entire or toothed. Flowers up to 4 mm long borne in more or less clustered panicles glandular cymes, Male flowers generally precocious, 3-4 mm long which are often sparsely glandular; bracteoles pale brown; Petals oblong, pointed and recurved at the tip, 4.5 mmX1.5 mm; filaments 1.4X1.2, anthers up to 1.2 mm long. Fruits 1-2, ovoid to ellipsoid and beaked 2-4 mm long, pericarp 2-valved. Seed smooth with minute swellings. C. myrrha is a very variable species, both in its leaves and in its pseudaril due to which recognition of infraspecific taxa is often difficult. Beare (http://apps.worldagroforestry.org/treedb2/AFTPDFS/Commiphora_myrrha.PDF).
Habit/Life Form
Tree
DISTRIBUTION OF SPECIES IN INDIA
On the hills from Ainabo to Garadag, and from Ainabo to Lasanod, Guuhoodle , Tog-Dheer ,anaag and W.Galbeedregio,forests of the Golis Mountains
AGROCLIMATIC CONDITIONS
| # | Soil and Climate | Temperature (°C) | Average Annual Rainfall (mm) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hallow soil, sandy, loamy and clay soil. | 25-40 | 230-300 |
International Local Names
| # | Country Name | Local Name |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Somalia | Dheddin |
| 2 | Arabic | Balsam |
| 3 | India | Balintrapolum,bol,guggula,mur makki,kanturu |
| 4 | Japan | Motsuyaku |
| 5 | Korea | Yuhyang |
| 6 | China | Mo yao,mokyak |
| 7 | Africa | Kanniedood |
| 8 | English | Myrrh |
Plant Parts Used
Oleo-gum-resin
System of Medicine
Ayurvedic and Unani System of medicine.
Intended Use
Skin ulcer, wound, fracture, oral ulcer, toothache, pain, tumor, arthritis, inflammatory, dental /oral problems, dysmenorrhea, rheumatism, hemiplegia, acroanesthesia, wounds, worms, sepsis, cough and snakebite.
Traditional Application
Commercially, Myrrh is used as fragrance in cosmetics, perfumes, and soaps. The resin has been widely used in ceremonies and as medicine from ancient times, which is mentioned in the Jewish, Christian, and Muslim texts. Burning myrrh enhance meditation, dispel negative energy, cleanse microbially contaminated air and make a scented environment.
Myrrh may be administered as a tincture, dental powders, rinses, and gargles. The dosage is prepared as an alcohol extract (tincture: 1:5, 95% alcohol) or as a powder. External liniments (in alcohol) are also used.
1- Myrrh combats pain i.e., headaches, joint pain, and back pain, and for bruising, contusions, arthritis, and other painful conditions.
2- Crushed powder and boiled gum are helpful to correct Dermal diseases. (Getachew Alebie and Abas Mehamed,An ethno-botanical study of medicinal plants in Jigjiga town, capital city of Somali regional state of Ethiopia, International Journal of Herbal Medicine 2016; 4(6): 168-175).
3- Myrrh is used for mouth and gum disorders, and for building the immune system.
4- Myrrh tincture directly or diluted in water is used for rinsing the mouth and for gargling.
5- Communities use Myrrh to treat wounds and stomach disorders, the smoke of gum is used to repel insects and snakes.
6- People use Myrrh to treat respiratory disorders like bronchitis and asthma.
7- Myrrh is contraindicated during pregnancy because of its emmenagogic activity.
8- Myrrh has been reported to treat gout, leprosy and syphilis, headache, jaundice, throat ailments, indigestion, fatigue, and paralysis.
9- It is an excellent remedy for mouth, dental, and throat problems, it is equivalently useful in skin problems, atherosclerosis, hemorrhoidhemorrhoid, heptoses, high cholesterol, stomatosis, immunodepression and hyperglycemia.
Uses in IORA Countries
| # | Country Name | Uses |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Germany | In Germany, myrrh gum-resin and myrrh tincture are mentioned in the German Pharmacopoeia and used in various preparations in mouthwashes,toothpaste, ointments, paints, and in gargle. |
| 2 | British | The British Herbal Compendium suggest the use of myrrh tincture as a gargle to treat pharyngitis and tonsillitis( Bradley, P.R. (ed.) (1992). British Herbal Compendium.Vol. 1. British Herbal Medicine Association, Bournemouth. ( BHP (1996). British Herbal Pharmacopoeia (BHP). British Herbal Medicine Association, 141, Exeter, U.K). |
| 3 | France | In France,Myrrh is considered for the treatment of small wounds, nasal congestion,common cold, and to treat affections of the buccal cavity and the oropharynx( Bruneton, J. (1995). Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Medicinal Plants. Lavoisier Publishing, Paris). |
| 4 | India | In India ,Myrrh is used in Ayurveda and Unani medicine, because of rejuvenative properties to the resin.It is used for the treatment for stomatitis , gum it is combined with honey and rectified spirit, then dissolved in rose petal infusion, and consumed as a mouthwash.Myrrh is used as a gargle to cure sore gums.Myrrh tincture is used in dysmenorrhea and amenorrhea. |
Phytochemical Details
| # | Phytochemical Constituents | PUBCHEM CID | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Myrracadinol A | 160799 | -- |
| 2 | Myrracadinol B | 308193 | -- |
| 3 | Myrracadinol C | -- | -- |
| 4 | Myrracalamene A | -- | -- |
| 5 | Myrracalamene B | -- | -- |
| 6 | Myrracalamene C | -- | -- |
| 7 | T-cadinol (Cedrelanol) | -- | -- |
| 8 | Curzerenone | -- | -- |
| 9 | Nabietic acid | -- | -- |
| 10 | Furanogermacra-1E,10(15)-dien-6-one | -- | -- |
| 11 | T-cadinol(Cedrelanol) | -- | -- |
| 12 | 2-methoxy-furanogermacra-1(10),4-diene | -- | -- |
| 13 | Curzerenone | -- | -- |
| 14 | Myrrhterpenoids A–J | -- | -- |
| 15 | Neomyrrhao | -- | -- |
| 16 | Dehy-droabietic acid | -- | -- |
| 17 | δ-elemene | -- | -- |
| 18 | β-bourbonene | -- | -- |
| 19 | β-elemene | -- | -- |
| 20 | β-caryophyllene | -- | -- |
| 21 | γ-elemene | -- | -- |
| 22 | α-humulene | -- | -- |
| 23 | Dehydroaromadendrane | -- | -- |
| 24 | γ-muurolene | -- | -- |
Pharmacological Details
| # | PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIONS/THERAPEUTIC USES | REFERENCES |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Analgesic properties | Germano A, Occhipinti A, Barbero F, Maffei ME. A Pilot Study
on Bioactive Constituents and Analgesic Effects of MyrLiq®, a Commiphora myrrha
Extract with a High Furanodiene Content. Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:3804356.
doi: 10.1155/2017/3804356. Epub 2017 May 24. PMID: 28626756; PMCID: PMC5463107. |
| 2 | Anti-inflammatory activity | Shalaby MA, Hammouda AA.
Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperlipidemic activities of Commiphora
molmol extract (Myrrh). J Intercult Ethnopharmacol. 2014 Apr-Jun;3(2):56-62.
doi: 10.5455/jice.20140130015014. Epub 2014 May 28. PMID: 26401348; PMCID:
PMC4576796. Vissiennon C, Goos KH, Arnhold J, Nieber K. Mechanisms on spasmolytic and anti-inflammatory effects of a herbal medicinal product consisting of myrrh, chamomile flower, and coffee charcoal. Wien Med Wochenschr. 2017 May;167(7-8):169-176. English. doi: 10.1007/s10354-016-0538-y. Epub 2017 Jan 13. PMID: 28091973. Su S, Wang T, Duan JA, Zhou W,
Hua YQ, Tang YP, Yu L, Qian DW. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of
different extracts of Commiphora myrrha. J Ethnopharmacol. 2011 Mar
24;134(2):251-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.12.003. Epub 2010 Dec 15. PMID:
21167270. Su S, Hua Y, Wang Y, Gu W, Zhou
W, Duan JA, Jiang H, Chen T, Tang Y. Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and
analgesic properties of individual and combined extracts from Commiphora
myrrha, and Boswellia carterii. J Ethnopharmacol. 2012 Jan 31; 139(2):649-56.
doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.12.013. Epub 2011 Dec 13. PMID: 22178177. Shalaby MA, Hammouda AA.
Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperlipidemic activities of Commiphora
molmol extract (Myrrh). J Intercult Ethnopharmacol. 2014 Apr-Jun;3(2):56-62.
doi: 10.5455/jice.20140130015014. Epub 2014 May 28. PMID: 26401348; PMCID:
PMC4576796. |
| 3 | Antimicrobial effects | Orchard A, Viljoen A, van Vuuren
S. Wound Pathogens: Investigating Antimicrobial Activity of Commercial
Essential Oil Combinations against Reference Strains. Chem Biodivers. 2018
Dec;15(12):e1800405. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.201800405. Epub 2018 Dec 17. PMID:
30362637. Shuaib M, Ali A, Ali M, Panda BP, Ahmad MI. Antibacterial activity of resin rich plant extracts. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2013;5(4):265-269. doi:10.4103/0975-7406.120073. Alhussaini, M.S., A.M. Saadabi, M.I. Alghonaim and K.E. Ibrahim, 2015. An evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of Commiphora myrrha Nees (Engl.) oleo-gum resins from Saudi Arabia. J. Med. Sci., 15: 198-203. |
| 4 | Antioxidant activity | Sotoudeh R, Hadjzadeh MA, Gholamnezhad Z, Aghaei A. The
anti-diabetic and antioxidant effects of a combination of Commiphora mukul,
Commiphora myrrha and Terminalia chebula in diabetic rats. Avicenna J Phytomed.
2019 Sep-Oct;9(5):454-464. PMID: 31516859; PMCID: PMC6727431. Kang JJ, Samad MA, Kim KS, Bae S. Comparative
anti-inflammatory effects of anti-arthritic herbal medicines and ibuprofen. Nat
Prod Commun. 2014 Sep;9(9):1351-6. PMID: 25918809. |
| 5 | Anticancer/hepatocellular carcinoma | Gao W, Su X, Dong X, Chen Y, Zhou C, Xin P, Yu C, Wei T. Cycloartan-24-ene-1α,2α,3β-triol, a cycloartane-type triterpenoid from the resinous exudates of Commiphora myrrha, induces apoptosis in human prostatic cancer PC-3 cells. Oncol Rep. 2015 Mar;33(3):1107-14. doi: 10.3892/or.2015.3725. Epub 2015 Jan 15. PMID: 25591732. Xu C, Lu X, Liu W, Chen A, Meng G, Zhang H, Li B, Zhang Y, Wu J, Wei J. CD8+ T cells mediate the antitumor activity of frankincense and myrrh in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Transl Med. 2018 May 21;16(1):132. doi: 10.1186/s12967-018-1508-5. PMID: 29784005; PMCID: PMC5963062. Nomicos EY. Myrrh: medical marvel or myth of the Magi? Holist Nurs Pract. 2007 Nov-Dec;21(6):308-23. doi: 10.1097/01.HNP.0000298616.32846.34. PMID: 17978635. Qureshi S, al-Harbi MM, Ahmed MM, Raza M, Giangreco AB, Shah AH. Evaluation of the genotoxic, cytotoxic, and antitumor properties of Commiphora molmol using normal and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cell-bearing Swiss albino mice. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 1993;33(2):130-8. doi: 10.1007/BF00685330. PMID: 8261571. Shoemaker, M., Hamilton, B., Dairkee, S.H., Cohen, I. and Campbell, M.J. (2005), In vitro anticancer activity of twelve Chinese medicinal herbs. Phytother. Res., 19: 649-651. doi:10.1002/ptr.1702 |
| 6 | Aphthous stomatitis | Mansour G, Ouda S, Shaker A, Abdallah HM. Clinical efficacy of new aloe vera- and myrrh-based oral mucoadhesive gels in the management of minor recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled study. J Oral Pathol Med. 2014 Jul;43(6):405-9. doi: 10.1111/jop.12130. Epub 2013 Oct 25. PMID: 24164309. |
| 7 | Aphthous stomatitis | Mansour G, Ouda S, Shaker A, Abdallah HM. Clinical efficacy of new aloe vera- and myrrh-based oral mucoadhesive gels in the management of minor recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled study. J Oral Pathol Med. 2014 Jul;43(6):405-9. doi: 10.1111/jop.12130. Epub 2013 Oct 25. PMID: 24164309. |
| 8 | Acetylcholinesterase activity | Hussein BA, Karimi I, Yousofvand N. Computational insight to putative anti-acetylcholinesterase activity of Commiphora myrrha (Nees), Engler, Burseraceae: a lessen of archaeopharmacology from Mesopotamian Medicine I. In Silico Pharmacol. 2019 May 20;7(1):3. doi: 10.1007/s40203-019-0052-1. PMID: 31114748; PMCID: PMC6527629. |
| 9 | Hepatoprotective activity | Ahmad A, Raish M, Ganaie MA, Ahmad SR, Mohsin K, Al-Jenoobi FI, Al-Mohizea AM, Alkharfy KM. Hepatoprotective effect of Commiphora myrrha against d-GalN/LPS-induced hepatic injury in a rat model through attenuation of pro inflammatory cytokines and related genes. Pharm Biol. 2015;53(12):1759-67. doi: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1005754. Epub 2015 Apr 13. PMID: 25864920. El-Shahat M, El-Abd S, Alkafafy M, El-Khatib G. Potential chemoprevention of diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats: myrrh (Commiphora molmol) vs. turmeric (Curcuma longa). Acta Histochem. 2012 Sep;114(5):421-8. doi: 10.1016/j.acthis.2011.08.002. Epub 2011 Aug 26. PMID: 21871653 |
| 10 | Antiulcer activity | al-Harbi MM, Qureshi S, Raza M, Ahmed MM, Afzal M, Shah AH. Gastric antiulcer and cytoprotective effect of Commiphora molmol in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 1997 Jan;55(2):141-50. doi: 10.1016/s0378-8741(96)01488-2. PMID: 9032627. Latha S, Selvamani P, Prabha T. Pharmacological Uses of the Plants Belonging to the Genus Commiphora. Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem. 2020 Jul 2. doi: 10.2174/1871525718666200702125558. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32614755 Tao Shen, Guo-Hui Li, Xiao-Ning Wang, Hong-Xiang Lou, The genus Commiphora: A review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology,Journal of Ethnopharmacology,Volume 142, Issue 2,2012, Pages 319-330,ISSN 0378-8741,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2012.05.025. |
| 11 | Antiobesity activity | Orabi SH, Al-Sabbagh ES, Khalifa HK, Mohamed MAE, Elhamouly M, Gad-Allah SM, Abdel-Daim MM, Eldaim MAA. Commiphora myrrha Resin Alcoholic Extract Ameliorates High Fat Diet Induced Obesity via Regulation of UCP1 and Adiponectin Proteins Expression in Rats. Nutrients. 2020 Mar 18;12(3):803. doi: 10.3390/nu12030803. PMID: 32197395; PMCID: PMC7146519. Abdel-Hady H, El-Wakil EA, Morsi EA. Characterization of ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Commiphora myrrha and evaluating in vitro anti-diabetic and anti-obesity activities. J Appl Pharm Sci, 2019; 9(09):038–044. Baek, Seon-Jae, & Kim, Dong-Hee. (2016). The Korea Journal of Herbology , Volume 29 Issue 6 / Pages.15-20 / 2014 / 1229-1765(pISSN) / 2288-7199(eISSN) . https://doi.org/10.6116/KJH.2016.31.4.11. |
| 12 | Antidiabetic effects | Sotoudeh R, Hadjzadeh MA, Gholamnezhad Z, Aghaei A. The anti-diabetic and antioxidant effects of a combination of Commiphora mukul, Commiphora myrrha and Terminalia chebula in diabetic rats. Avicenna J Phytomed. 2019 Sep-Oct;9(5):454-464. PMID: 31516859; PMCID: PMC6727431. Al-Romaiyan A, Huang GC, Jones P, Persaud S. Commiphora myrrha stimulates insulin secretion from mouse and human islets of Langerhans. J Ethnopharmacol. 2021 Jan 10;264:113075. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113075. Epub 2020 Aug 20. PMID: 32829055. |
| 13 | Anti-dermatophyte activity | Mahboubi M, Kashani LM. The anti-dermatophyte activity of Commiphora molmol. Pharm Biol. 2016;54(4):720-5. doi: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1072831. Epub 2015 Oct 1. PMID: 26427766. |
| 14 | Anti-Alzheimer's activity | Yu YF, Liu YH, Chen XH, Zhi DJ, Qi FM, Zhang ZP, Li YQ, Zhang ZX, Fei DQ. Cadinane-type sesquiterpenes from the resinous exudates of Commiphora myrrha and their anti-Alzheimer's disease bioactivities. Fitoterapia. 2020 Apr;142:104536. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104536. Epub 2020 Mar 5. PMID: 32145310. Sanka N, Santhipriya N, Nadendla RR. An updated review on Anti-Alzheimer’s herbal drugs. JDDT [Internet]. 15Nov.2018 [cited 6Nov.2020];8(6):360-72. Available from: http://jddtonline.info/index.php/jddt/article/view/2049 |
| 15 | Wound Healing Activity | Jahandideh M, Hajimehdipoor H, Mortazavi SA, Dehpour A, Hassanzadeh G. Evaluation of the Wound Healing Activity of a Traditional Compound Herbal Product Using Rat Excision Wound Model. Iran J Pharm Res. 2017 Winter;16(Suppl):153-163. PMID: 29844786; PMCID: PMC5963656. Al-Said A. Haffor (2010) Effect of myrrh (Commiphora molmol) on leukocyte levels before and during healing from gastric ulcer or skin injury, Journal of Immunotoxicology, 7:1, 68-75, DOI: 10.3109/15476910903409835 Nomicos, Effie Y. H. BSN, RN, CCRP Myrrh: Medical Marvel or Myth of the Magi?, Holistic Nursing Practice: November-December 2007 - Volume 21 - Issue 6 - p 308-323 doi: 10.1097/01.HNP.0000298616.32846.34 Maver, T., Maver, U., Stana Kleinschek, K., Smrke, D.M. and Kreft, S. (2015), A review of herbal medicines in wound healing. Int J Dermatol, 54: 740-751. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijd.12766 Ehab M. Elzayat, Sayed H. Auda, Fars K. Alanazi, Mohamed H. Al-Agamy, Evaluation of wound healing activity of henna, pomegranate and myrrh herbal ointment blend,Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal,Volume 26, Issue 5,2018, Pages 733-738,ISSN 1319-0164,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2018.02.016. Negahdari S, Galehdari H, Kesmati M, Rezaie A, Shariati G. Wound Healing Activity of Extracts and Formulations of Aloe vera, Henna, Adiantum capillus-veneris, and Myrrh on Mouse Dermal Fibroblast Cells. Int J Prev Med. 2017;8:18. Published 2017 Mar 10. doi:10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_338_16 Azam Faraji, Maryam Aghdaki, Kamran Hessami, Ayda Hosseinkhani, Shohreh Roozmeh, Nasrin Asadi, Homeira Vafaei, Maryam Kasraeian, Roya Bagheri, Khadije Bazrafshan, Leila Foroughinia, Episiotomy wound healing by Commiphora myrrha (Nees) Engl. and Boswellia carteri Birdw. in primiparous women: A randomized controlled trial, Journal of Ethnopharmacology,Volume 264,2021,113396,ISSN 0378-8741, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.113396. Maver, T., Maver, U., Stana Kleinschek, K., Smrke, D.M. and Kreft, S. (2015), A review of herbal medicines in wound healing. Int J Dermatol, 54: 740-751. doi:10.1111/ijd.12766 Jahandideh M, Hajimehdipoor H, Mortazavi SA, Dehpour A, Hassanzadeh G. A Wound Healing Formulation Based on Iranian Traditional Medicine and Its HPTLC Fingerprint. Iran J Pharm Res. 2016;15(Suppl):149-157. Ehab M. Elzayat, Sayed H. Auda, Fars K. Alanazi, Mohamed H. Al-Agamy,Evaluation of wound healing activity of henna, pomegranate and myrrh herbal ointment blend,Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, Volume 26, Issue 5,2018,Pages 733-738,ISSN 1319-0164, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2018.02.016. |
| 16 | Larvicidal activity | Massoud AM, Labib IM. Larvicidal activity of Commiphora molmol against Culex pipiens and Aedes caspius larvae. J Egypt Soc Parasitol. 2000 Apr;30(1):101-15. PMID: 10786023. HOI-SEON LEE "MOSQUITO LARVICIDAL ACTIVITY OF AROMATIC MEDICINAL PLANT OILS AGAINST AEDES AEGYPTI AND CULEX PIPIENS PALLENS," Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 22(2), 292-295, (1 June 2006). https://doi.org/10.2987/8756-971X(2006)22[292:MLAOAM]2.0.CO;2 Massoud AM, Labib IM, Rady M. Biochemical changes of Culex pipiens larvae treated with oil and oleo-resin extracts of Myrrh Commiphora molmol. J Egypt Soc Parasitol. 2001 Aug;31(2) 517-529. PMID: 11478451. |
| 17 | Dental /Effects in gingival cells | Tipton DA, Lyle B, Babich H, Dabbous MKh. In vitro cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory effects of myrrh oil on human gingival fibroblasts and epithelial cells. Toxicol In Vitro. 2003 Jun;17(3):301-10. doi: 10.1016/s0887-2333(03)00018-3. PMID: 12781209. Al-Mobeeriek A. Effects of myrrh on intra-oral mucosal wounds compared with tetracycline- and chlorhexidine-based mouthwashes. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent. 2011;3:53-58. Published 2011 Aug 30. doi:10.2147/CCIDEN.S24064 Reem A Alotaibi, Salwa Aldahlawi, Fatimah M Alyami, The Effects of Commiphora Myrrh Mouthwash Verses Chlorhexidine on Dental Plaque and Gingivitis: A Comparative Study, J Res Med Dent Sci, 2020, 8 (4):65-70 Enrico Spinas, Antonello Mameli and Luca Giannetti,Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Plaque Effects of Commiphora Myrrh Mouthwash: A Preliminary Pilot Clinical Study,The Open Dentistry Journal, 2018, 12, 1-10 Raniah Abdullah Al Eid,Efficacy of Commiphora myrrh mouthwash on early wound healing after tooth extraction: A randomized controlled trial, The Saudi Dental Journal,2019,ISSN 1013-9052, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sdentj.2019.11.011. |
Market Overview
Global End Use Market
Pharmaceutical Food & Beverages
Available Global Market
Cosmetics & Personal Care
Global Manufacturer Extract
-
Distribution in IORA Countries
Kenya, Oman, Somalia Kenya, Oman, Somalia, Northern America, Latin America, France Germany, Spain, Ethiopia, China and Saudi Arabia
Trade Data
Source Supply
-
Trade Name
-
Annual Consumption (in MT)
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Medicinal Plants Traders from India
| # | ADDRESSES OF MEDICINAL PLANTS TRADERS |
|---|---|
| 1 | JustIngredients Limited 2-3a Tabernacle Road, Wotton-Under-Edge, United Kingdom, GL12 7EF. Company Number: 8093077 |
| 2 | Monterey Bay Spice Company,241 Walker Street Watsonville, CA 95076 |
| 3 | Aarons Visions Omega II, Greater Noida, Dist. Gautam Budh Nagar,India |
| 4 | A.F. SUTER & CO. LTD Compass House, Eastway Industrial Estate, Witham, Essex, CM8 3YQ United Kingdom |
| 5 | Nahawand Trading LLC, Al Ras Area, Deira Dubai, Uae. P.o.box: 19744 Shj Uae. Dubai 19744 Deira United Arab Emirates |
| 6 | Fodey Gums,418 Uxbridge Road, Shepherds Bush Shepherds Bush London W120Nr United Kingdom |
| 7 | Origo Cosmeceuticals Private Limited,Sampangiram Nagar Bangalore 560027 Karnataka India |
| 8 | Nagaad Resins and Gums (Nagaad Gums) ,North Airport Road Nairobi Embakasi Embakasi Kenya |
| 9 | Solosomalia ,55 Lakeside Court Coleraine 44 Coleraine United Kingdom |
| 10 | Albert Vieille SAS 629, route de Grasse 06220 Vallauris, France |
| 11 | EDEN BOTANICALS 3820 Cypress Dr. #12 Petaluma, CA 94954 USA |