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Plant Details

Clausena heptaphylla

BOTANICAL DETAILS OF PLANT

Synonyms

Amyris anisata Roxb. ex Steud. Amyris heptaphylla Roxb. ex-DC. Clausena heptaphylla var. engleri (Tanaka) Swingle Clausena macrophylla Hook.f.

Kew Herbarium Links

Herbarium 1

Herbarium 2

Classification

Kingdom

Plantae

Subkingdom

Viridiplantae

Superdivision

Embryophyta

Division

Tracheophyta

Class

Magnoliopsida

Subclass

Order

Sapindales

Family

Rutaceae

Genus

Clausena

Species

heptaphylla

Plant Description

Small tree, up to 5-5.5 m tall, leaves imparipinnate, leaflets alternate, 5-11, 7-13 X 3-7 cm, ovate to ovate -lanceolate type, base oblique-cuneate, apex acuminate, margin entire to crenate. Inflorescence terminal or axillary, paniculated cymes; flowers yellow green or yellowish white,sepals 4, ovate,acute,upto 1 mm long, petals 4-5 free,oblong ,3-3.5X 1.4 yellow; stamens-8, free,alternately long and short;ovary entire,2-5 locular.Fruit-a berry, reddish white or orange or pale yellow,sub-globose ,oblong,seeds aromatic

Habit/Life Form

Tree

DISTRIBUTION OF SPECIES IN INDIA

Sylhet, Chittagong, Habiganj, Rangamati, Bandarban, Khagrachari, and Cox’s Bazar districts.

AGROCLIMATIC CONDITIONS

# Soil and Climate Temperature (°C) Average Annual Rainfall (mm)
1 It prefers moderate to high fertility soils.It has a preference for disturbed sites and can easily grow in a wide variety of habitats e.g ,riverbanks, cultivated fields, roadsides, pastures, riverb 20-34 300 - 4,200

Plant Parts Used

Root and leaves

System of Medicine

-

Intended Use

Rheumatism, fever, body pain, alcohol reduction, cough, dysentry

Traditional Application

1)Traditional healers of Bandarban Hill Tracts (BHT) in Bangladesh uses Clausena heptaphylla for treating various ailments.  To treat Fever, 1 teaspoon leaf and root juice is taken 2–3 /day for 3 continuous  days. For body pain root juice is applied externally on the infected area and 1 tablespoon of juice is taken orally with honey. (Mohammad Fahim Kadir, Muhammad Shahdaat Bin Sayeed, Nurul Islam Setu, Asif Mostafa, M.M.K. Mia, Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal plants used by traditional health practitioners in Thanchi, Bandarban Hill Tracts, Bangladesh, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Volume 155, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 495-508,ISSN 0378-8741, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.05.043.)

2)Herb is used to treat fever and nicotine reduction, the medicinal combination for this is, fresh leaves are   chewed with . (Md.  Shahadat  Hossan,  Abu  Hanif,  Mujib  Khan,  Sazzadul  Bari,  Rownak  Jahan,  MohammedRahmatullah,Ethnobotanical survey of the Tripura tribe of Bangladesh,Am.-Eurasian  J.  Sustain.  Agric.,  3(2):  253-261,  2009

3)The Khumi tribe is one of the minor tribes in Bandarban district of the Chittagong Hill Tracts region in the southeast part of Bangladesh uses various plant base formualtions for primary healthcare. In their practice ,khumi healers uses Clausena  heptaphylla ifor treating  severe  fever followed by  blurred  vision.In this recipe,leaves are boiled in water and then cooled and poured over the head and  light handed massage  thrice a day .(Bijoy  Sarker,  Fatema  Akther,  Umma  Ayman,  Rolee  Sifa,  Israt  Jahan,  Mridul  Sarker,  Suman  Kumar Chakma, Promith Kumar Podder, Zubaida Khatun, Mohammed Rahmatullah ,Ethnomedicinal  investigations  among  the  Sigibe  clan  of  the  Khumi  tribe  of  Thanchi  sub-district in Bandarban district of Bangladesh ,American-Eurasian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 6(4): 378-386, 2012 ISSN 1995-0748 ) 

4)Toothache- Leaf juice is applied thrice daily on affected area. Fresh leaves are chewed to prevent tooth decay. ( Rahmatullah, M., A. Noman, M.S. Hossan, M.H. Rashid, T. Rahman, M.H. Chowdhury and R. Jahan, 2009b. A survey of medicinal plants in two areas of Dinajpur district, Bangladesh including plants which can be used as functional foods. American-Eurasian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 3: 862-876. )

5) Chakma tribe of country uses the herb to alleviate headache, extracts from crushed are applied on the forehead. (M Atiqur Rahman, SB Uddin & CC Wilcock,Medicinal plants used by Chakma tribe in Hill Tracts districts of Bangladesh,Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge Vol. 6(3), July 2007, pp. 508-517 )

6)Mixture of fresh root juice and pinches of salt is consumed; dosage is 3 tablespoon twidce a day for 3 continuous days is effective in treating mental disorders.                                                                                    7) Leaf extract is consumed to cure menorrhagia. 

8) 5 ml of freshly extracted root juice is taken four times / day to treat hysteria is cured.                                                                                                        

9) Paste prepared from the leaves of the plant is applied externally on boils.           

10) The plant is used for the gyne disease, headache, liver cancer, and rheumatism. (https://www.natureinfo.com)

Uses in IORA Countries

# Country Name Uses
1 Srilanka In Srilanka herbs is used for cough, sore throat, alcohol withdrawal. Fruit juice with rock salt is taken internally for the treatment of cough and claimed to be effective against asthma(S. Shil and M. Dutta Choudhury,Indigenous Knowledge on Healthcare Practices by the Reang Tribe of Dhalai District of Tripura, North East India,Ethnobotanical Leaflets 13: 775-790, 2009). Dysentery- boil 8-10 tender leaves of herb in water,drink one glass/day for 3-5 days.(Deb Dipankar, Darlong Lalsimawii, S

Phytochemical Details

# Phytochemical Constituents PUBCHEM CID References
1 Clausenin -- B.S. Joshi, V.N. Kamat, A.K. Saksena, Structures of clausenin and clausenidin two new pyranocoumarins from the roots of clausena heptaphylla Wt. & Arn., Tetrahedron, Volume 23, Issue 12, 1967, Pages 4785-4789, ISSN 0040-4020, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)92576-1.
2 clausenidin 5315947 B.S. Joshi, V.N. Kamat, A.K. Saksena, Structures of clausenin and clausenidin two new pyranocoumarins from the roots of clausena heptaphylla Wt. & Arn., Tetrahedron, Volume 23, Issue 12, 1967, Pages 4785-4789, ISSN 0040-4020, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)92576-1.
3 Clausmarin-A 49940 G.K. Patnaik, B.N. Dhawan, Evaluation of spasmolytic activity of clausmarin-A. A novel coumarin from Clausena pentaphylla (Roxb.) DC., Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Volume 6, Issue 2, 1982, Pages 127-137, ISSN 0378-8741, https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(82)90001-0.
4 Lunamarins A -- Mohammad H. Sohrab, Choudhury M. Hasan & Mohammad A. Rashid (1999) Lunamarins A and B: Two Novel Terpenoid Coumarins from Clausena Heptaphylla, Natural Product Letters, 14:1, 47-53, DOI: 10.1080/10575639908045434
5 Lunamarins B -- Mohammad H. Sohrab, Choudhury M. Hasan & Mohammad A. Rashid (1999) Lunamarins A and B: Two Novel Terpenoid Coumarins from Clausena Heptaphylla, Natural Product Letters, 14:1, 47-53, DOI: 10.1080/10575639908045434
6 Lunamarins C -- Sohrab MH, Hasan C, Rashid MA. Lunamarin C, new terpenoid coumarin from ClausenaheptaphyllaPharmazie.2002; 57(8):573-574.
7 Clausenalene -- P. Bhattacharyya, G.K. Biswas, A.K. Barua, C. Saha, I.B. Roy, B.K. Chowdhury, Clausenalene, a carbazole alkaloid from Clausena heptaphylla, Phytochemistry, Volume 33, Issue 1, 1993, Pages 248-250, ISSN 0031-9422, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85437-V.
8 Heptazolicine -- P. Bhattacharyya, A. Chakraborty, B.K. Chowdhury, Heptazolicine, a carbazole alkaloid from Clausena heptaphylla, Phytochemistry, Volume 23, Issue 10, 1984, Pages 2409-2410, ISSN 0031-9422, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)80575-0.
9 2-Methylanthroquinone 6773 BEGUM, Rokeya; KAISAR, Mohammad A.; RAHMAN, Mohammad S.; SARWARUDDINCHOWDHURY, A. M.; MUKHLESUR RAHMAN, M.; MAHMOOD HASAN, Choudhury; RASHID,Mohammad A.Clausenolide-1-methyl ether from Clausena heptaphylla W&ABoletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas, vol. 10, núm. 2, marzo,2011, pp. 136-138

Pharmacological Details

# PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIONS/THERAPEUTIC USES REFERENCES
1 Antibacterial activity

Fakruddin, M., Mannan, K.S.B., Mazumdar, R.M. et al. Antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities of the ethanol extract of the stem bark of Clausena heptaphylla . BMC Complement Altern Med 12, 232 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-12-232           

Chakraborty A, Saha C, Podder G, Chowdhury BK, Bhattacharyya P. Carbazole alkaloid with antimicrobial activity from Clausena heptaphylla. Phytochemistry. 1995 Feb;38(3):787-9. doi: 10.1016/0031-9422(94)00666-h. PMID: 7766168.                    

Sohrab MH, Mazid MA, Rahman E, Hasan CM, Rashid MA. Antibacterial activity of Clausena heptaphylla. Fitoterapia. 2001 Jun;72(5):547-9. doi: 10.1016/s0367-326x(00)00320-8. PMID: 11429251.

Market Overview

Global End Use Market

Folk practices

Available Global Market

-

Global Manufacturer Extract

-

Distribution in IORA Countries

India, Myanmar, Thailand,Malaysia, Indonesia,

Trade Data

Source Supply

subtropical to tropical climates

Trade Name

-

Annual Consumption (in MT)

-

Medicinal Plants Traders from India

# ADDRESSES OF MEDICINAL PLANTS TRADERS
1 Karan phal, Pan-kafur, Panbahar,Shaty-kiyi,Alkatra, Saderruchi

Adulterant/Substitute

CULTIVARS AND VARIETIES