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Senna alexandrina Mill
BOTANICAL DETAILS OF PLANT
Synonyms
Cassia acutifolia Delile, Cassia alexandrina (Garsault) Thell, Cassia angustifolia M.Vahl, Cassia angustifolia Vahl, Cassia senna L, Senna acutifolia (Delile) Batka, Senna alexandrina Garsau
Kew Herbarium Links
Classification
Kingdom
Plantae
Subkingdom
viridiplantae
Superdivision
Embryophyta
Division
Tracheophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Subclass
Order
Fabales
Family
Fabaceae
Genus
Senna Mill
Species
Senna alexandrina Mill alexandrian senna
Plant Description
Deciduous shrub, up to 90 cm
tall. Branches glabrous to subglabrous. Stipules lateral, c. 1.5 mm long,
acute. Leaf spirally arranged, paripinnate, c. 5-11.5 cm long. Leaflets 4-9
pairs,stipules linear to narrow triangular, leaflet lanceolate to ovate to elliptical ,2-6cm X
0.5-1.5 cm long, base cuneate, tip acute,glabrous to sparingly hairy on both
sides. Inflorescence termical or axillary raceme, up to 20 cm long,15-30- flowered.
Young flowers covered with c. 7-8 mm long cup-shaped bracts. Pedicel 3-4 cm
long. Sepals 5, subequal, 10-13 mm long, c. 6-8 mm broad, spoon shaped or cup
shaped, light yellow in colour. Petals 5, subequal, 14-17 mm long, 7-10 mm
wide, obovate, shortly claw¬ed, deep yellow, veins becoming prominent after
drying. Stamens 10, upper 3 reduced to staminodes, rest perfect, 2 lower
largest. Ovary densely hairy, stipitate. Fruit c. 4-5 cm long, c. 16-22 mm
broad, sparsely hairy, turning black at maturity, generally 4-10 seeded: stipe
2-3 mm.
Habit/Life Form
Shrub
DISTRIBUTION OF SPECIES IN INDIA
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AGROCLIMATIC CONDITIONS
| # | Soil and Climate | Temperature (°C) | Average Annual Rainfall (mm) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It is a deep rooted hardy plant and requires warm and dry weather conditions. The plant requires bright sun shine and occasional rains during its growth period. It is highly sensitive to heavy rainfal | 15-30 | 600-4300 |
Local Names
| # | Language Name | Local Name |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | -- | --- |
International Local Names
| # | Country Name | Local Name |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | -- | -- |
Plant Parts Used
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System of Medicine
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Intended Use
Laxative, purgative of phlegm, yellow and black bile, deobstruent, blood purifier, anthelmintic, spasmodic and emetic, and used in the treatment of periodic fevers, phlegmatic arthritis, sciatica, gout, and bronchial asthma, typhoid, diabetes, malaria, asthma, ringworms, tinea infections, scabies, blotch, herpes, and eczema.
Traditional Application
Traditionally, the plant is used for treating stomach pain and constipation, because of its laxative effects.
In India, Philippines, and China stem, bark, and leaf decoction was found to be effective in treating haemorrhoids, inguinal hernia, syphilis, intestinal parasitosis, and diabetes.
Seeds and roots are used in regulating uterus disorder and worms.
The flower and leaves decoction were observed to be used in treatment of ringworms, scabies, blotch, eczema, scabies, and tine infections.
In China, India, Benin republic, Ghana, Nigeria, and Togo, the whole plant is used as a curative for Diabetes mellitus.
Uses in IORA Countries
| # | Country Name | Uses |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | UAE | In UAE Leaves Constipation, stomach cramps (Phondani P. C., Bhatt A., Elsarrag E., Horr Y. A. Ethnobotanical magnitude towards sustainable utilization of wild foliage in Arabian Desert. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine . 2016;6(3):209–218. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2015.03.003) |
| 2 | Thailand | In Thailand Leaf pod Constipation stomach pain(Monkheang P., Sudmoon R., Tanee T., Noikotr K., Bletter N., Chaveerach A. Species diversity, usages, molecular markers and barcode of medicinal Senna species (Fabaceae, Caesalpinioideae) in Thailand. Journal of Medicinal Plant Research . 2011;5(26):6173–6181) |
| 3 | Somalia and Kenya | In Somalia and Kenya decoction of the pods is consumed as a drink to expel off intestinal worm and to cure breathing disorders.The infusion of leaves is used orally to reduce flatulence and convulsions and to stop nose bleeding. |
| 4 | Iran | In Iran, leaves are mixed with rose-petals and tamarind pulp for purgative dosages. It is used as a laxative and cathartic, generally combined with aromatics and stimulants to modify its griping effects; also used for ascites and dyspepsia(Akbar S. (2020) Senna alexandrina Mill. (Fabaceae/Leguminosae). In: Handbook of 200 Medicinal Plants. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16807-0_168). |
| 5 | Africa | In Africa, dried, pulverized leaves are applied to wounds and burns. An infusion of the tops (leaves, flowers and pods together) is taken as a purge to allay fever(Akbar S. (2020) Senna alexandrina Mill. (Fabaceae/Leguminosae). In: Handbook of 200 Medicinal Plants. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16807-0_168). |
Phytochemical Details
| # | Phytochemical Constituents | PUBCHEM CID | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sennosides | -- | -- |
| 2 | Anthraquinones | -- | -- |
| 3 | Aloe-Emodin | -- | -- |
| 4 | Cathartic Acid | -- | -- |
| 5 | Cathartin | -- | -- |
| 6 | Kaempferol | -- | -- |
| 7 | Catharkaempferol | -- | -- |
| 8 | Chrysophanic Acid | -- | -- |
| 9 | Isorhamnetin | -- | -- |
| 10 | Emodin | -- | -- |
| 11 | Kaempferin | -- | -- |
| 12 | Mucilage | -- | -- |
| 13 | Phaeoretin | -- | -- |
| 14 | Sennoside A | -- | -- |
| 15 | Sennoside B | -- | -- |
| 16 | Sennoside C | -- | -- |
| 17 | Sennoside D | -- | -- |
Market Overview
Global End Use Market
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Available Global Market
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Global Manufacturer Extract
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Distribution in IORA Countries
Somalia,Kenya, Mozambique
Trade Data
Source Supply
Semi desert ,grass lands,river banks,flood plains
Trade Name
Tinnevelly senna
Annual Consumption (in MT)
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Adulterant/Substitute
CULTIVARS AND VARIETIES
Senna alexandrina . The first is var. obtusata (Brenan) Lock, restricted to Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia and northern Kenya, the second is var. alexandrina, which is the more widespread variety