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Ricinus communis L.
BOTANICAL DETAILS OF PLANT
Synonyms
Ricinus communis var. aegyptiaceus (Popova) Moshkin Ricinus communis var. africanus Müll.Arg. Ricinus communis var. amblyocalyx Müll.Arg. Ricinus communis f. argentatus T.Carvalho Ricinus communis var. brasiliensis Müll.Arg. Cataputia major Ludw. Ricinus communis var. brevinodis Moshkin Cataputia minor Ludw. Croton spinosus L. Ricinus communis var. glaucus Popova & Moshkin Ricinus communis f. glaucus (Hoffmanns.) Müll.Arg. Ricinus communis var. hybridus (Besser) Müll.Arg.
Kew Herbarium Links
Classification
Kingdom
Plantae
Subkingdom
-
Superdivision
-
Division
-
Class
Magnoliopsida
Subclass
-
Order
Malpighiales
Family
Euphorbiaceae
Genus
Ricinus L
Species
Ricinus communis L.
Plant Description
An erect, herbaceous or semi-woody shrub or small tree, up to 5 m tall, monoecious. Stems hollow, becoming woody at the base. Shoots glabrous, secreting clear fluid. Petioles 5-20 cm long; petiolar glands variously shaped near the petiole base. Alternate, star-shaped leaves, leaf-blades commonly 7-9-lobed, the median lobe is longest, approx. 10-20 cm long and 2-5.5 cm wide, lobes lanceolate, to ovate to elliptic, acutely acuminate, lateral nerves c. 10-20 pairs, dark glossy green above, paler beneath. Stipular sheath ovate, c. 1-2 cm long. Inflorescence panicles of unisex flower ,10-25 cm long; bracts c. 1 cm long, the bracteoles smaller. Male flowers; pedicels c. 1 cm long; calyx-lobes elliptic-ovate,5-8 x 3-4 mm, acute, yellowish green; stamens many, clustered, free,4- 7 mm long, anthers dorsifixed,0.5 mm. long, pale to cream yellow, pollen pale yellow. Female flowers: pedicels 3-5 mm. long, sepals lanceolate, 5 mm long, acuminate, purplish; ovary superior, ovoid - trilobate-sub globose, 2 x 2.5 mm, covered with green to purplish –red projections (spines). Fruit capsule, trilobate, 1-1.8 x 1-1.5 cm, reddish- brown, Seed ovoid–spheroid, 9—22 mm long, shiny, brown.
Habit/Life Form
Shrub
DISTRIBUTION OF SPECIES IN INDIA
Telangana, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Jharkhand, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Mysore, Karnataka, Punjab, Assam, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa and Haryana.
AGROCLIMATIC CONDITIONS
| # | Soil and Climate | Temperature (°C) | Average Annual Rainfall (mm) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Prefers loamy, sandy, red loam soil, black soil, deep sandy loams, prefers well-drained, light alluvial soil and can grow in heavy clay soil. | 20 - 35 | 200-900 |
Local Names
| # | Language Name | Local Name |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sanskrit | Gandharvahasta, V¡t¡ri, Paµc¡´gula, Citr¡, Urubu, Rubu |
| 2 | Assamese | Eda, Era |
| 3 | Bengali | Bherenda |
| 4 | English | Castor oil plant |
| 5 | Gujrati | Erandio, Erando |
| 6 | Hindi | Arand, Erand, Andi, Rend,erend |
| 7 | Kannada | Haralu, Oudala gida |
| 8 | Kashmiri | Aran, Banangir |
| 9 | Malayalam | Avanakku, avanacu |
| 10 | Marathi | Erand |
| 11 | Oriya | Jada, Gaba |
| 12 | Punjabi | Arind |
| 13 | Tamil | Amanakku,amanakkam chedi |
| 14 | Telugu | Amudapu, veru,amadum,chittaamudamu |
| 15 | Urdu | Bedanjir, Arand ,hab-ul-as, maghze tukhm arandi |
International Local Names
| # | Country Name | Local Name |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | South Africa | Kasterolie,Olieboom, Mupfure, Umkakuva, Uhlakuva |
| 2 | Central America | Aceite de castor; aceite de ricino; planta de castor |
| 3 | Australia | African coffee tree; castor bean; castor oil bush; castor oil tree; castorbean tree; maple weed; Pal |
| 4 | Brazil | Carrapateiro; carrapato; catapucia-maior; caturra; mamona; mamoneira; palma-de-cristo; rícino; tort |
| 5 | Cambodia | Lohong khnhe; lohong khvâang |
| 6 | Cuba | Carrapa; higuereta; palma christi; ricino verde |
| 7 | Denmark | Wooderboom |
| 8 | Dominican Republic | Higuera; higuereta; huile mascrista |
| 9 | Germany | Rizinus; Rizinus-pflanze; wanderbaum |
| 10 | Haiti | Huile montecristi; huile ricin; mascarite; mascristi; palma cristi |
| 11 | India | Haralu |
| 12 | Indonesia | Jarak |
| 13 | Italy | Palma christi; ricino commune |
| 14 | Jamaica | Oil nut |
| 15 | Japan | Hima |
| 16 | Laos | Castor bean; castor-oil-plant; hungx saa; huong |
| 17 | Lesser Antilles | Carapate; gwen makwisti; pyé gwenn |
| 18 | Malaysia | Jarak |
| 19 | Mexico | Higuerilla; palmacristi |
| 20 | Netherlands | Wonderboom |
| 21 | Philippines | Tangan-tangan |
| 22 | Sri Lanka | Amanaku maram |
| 23 | Thailand | Lahung; Mahung |
| 24 | Vietnam | daudan; thâu dâù |
| 25 | English | Castor; castor oil; castoroil plant; castor-oil plant; palma christi |
| 26 | Spanish | Hierba mora; higuera del diablo; ricino; ricino comun; tartago |
| 27 | French | Grande epurge; ricin; ricin commun |
| 28 | Chinese | Bima; hongbima; hongdamazi; tianmaziguo |
| 29 | Portuguese | Mamoeiro |
Plant Parts Used
Seeds, leaves and roots
System of Medicine
Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, Folk, Homeopathy, Sowa Rigpa, Chinese, Modern
Intended Use
Arthritis, backache, muscle aches, inflammation, toothache, gallstones pain, menstrual cramps, chronic backache and sciatica, chronic headache, constipation, expulsion of placenta, rheumatism, sleeplessness and insomnia.
Traditional Application
1) Seed oil is a very well-known laxative and is also known for its anti-dandruff effect.
2) Commonly known as Amanakku in Tamil Nadu the seed oil is used for cooling the body in fever (K Rajendran, P Balaji & M Jothi Basu,,Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, Medicinal plants and their utilization by villagers in southern districts of Tamil Nadu Vol. 7(3), July 2008, pp. 417-420).
3) Massage hand-warmed castor oil over the lower abdomen to get relief from menstrual pain and cramping, menstrual irregularities, and uterine and ovarian cysts. (Marwat, Sarfaraz & Rehman, Fazal & Khan, Ejaz Ahmad & Baloch, Mohammad & Sadiq, Muhammad & Ullah Khan, Dr. Imdad & Javaria, Sadaf & Shaheen, Salma. (2017). Ricinus cmmunis: Ethnomedicinal uses and pharmacological activities. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 30. 1815-1827).
4) To treat rheumatoid arthritis take up to 20 ml of castor oil mixed with a pinch full of ginger with a cup of warm milk daily at bedtime to reduce inflammation and stiffness of the joints.
5) To treat sleeplessness and insomnia a little castor oil is rubbed over the eyelids before sleeping.
6) Massage light handly with castor oil over the swollen lymph nodes and there is a shrink in size.
7) Rukuba women of Plateau State in Nigeria use herb for contraception is an ancient practice, they chew 2-3 seeds for contraceptive coverage of one year (RT McNeil, A Adebesin and E Ekwere, Ricinus communis-linn (castor plant), Male contraceptives and reproductive health of women, African Journal of Reproductive Health August 2021; 25 (4):135, DOI: 10.29063/ajrh2021/v25i4.14).
8) In Jonai, Assam,leaf decoction with sugar is administered orally once a day and is used as an antimalarial agent. (Tonlong WANGPAN, Luk Bahadur CHETRY, Jambey TSERING, Tapi TAKA, Sumpam TANGJANG,AntiMalarial Plants of Jonai, India: an Ethnobotanical Approach,Not Sci Biol, 2016, 8(1):27-32. DOI: 10.15835/nsb.8.1.9750).
Uses in IORA Countries
| # | Country Name | Uses |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | South Afria | Oil obtained from seeds are used as ointment and leaves as a compress on rhuematism pain.For toothache leaves are heated used as a compress. Oil obtained from fruits are used as a eardrop to relieve pain from earache.Leaves are heated and placed directly on painful knes /joints.Warm leaves are wrapped around stomach for stomachache(Aremu Adeyemi O., Pendota Srinivasa C.,Medicinal Plants for Mitigating Pain and Inflammatory-Related Conditions: An Appraisal of Ethnobotanical Uses and Patterns in S |
| 2 | Ghana | In Ghana the Wechiau Community living in Hippopotamus Sanctuary area uses Ricinus Communis for Malaria ,locally known as - Beton ,the leaves of the herb are squeezed in a pot to ferment. Bathing with fermented solution is helpful to treat malaria(Alex Asase, Alfred A. Oteng-Yeboah, George T. Odamtten, Monique S.J. Simmonds, Ethnobotanical study of some Ghanaian anti-malarial plants, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Volume 99, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 273-279, ISSN 0378-8741, https://doi.org/10.1016/j. |
| 3 | Tanzania | In Tanzania, hot water extract of dried root is used orally to treat diarrhea, stomach ulcers and stomachaches( (Marwat, Sarfaraz & Rehman, Fazal & Khan, Ejaz Ahmad & Baloch, Mohammad & Sadiq, Muhammad & Ullah Khan, Dr. Imdad & Javaria, Sadaf & Shaheen, Salma. (2017). Ricinus cmmunis: Ethnomedicinal uses and pharmacological activities. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 30. 1815-1827) |
| 4 | Somalia | In Somalia, 5-6 leaves are crushed and mixed with a cup olive oil, the oil mixture is applied directly to head and to each nostril to treat chronic headache. |
| 5 | Kenya | In Kenya and the fresh root decoction is taken orally to facilitate the expulsion of placenta or hasten parturition . (Marwat, Sarfaraz & Rehman, Fazal & Khan, Ejaz Ahmad & Baloch, Mohammad & Sadiq, Muhammad & Ullah Khan, Dr. Imdad & Javaria, Sadaf & Shaheen, Salma. (2017). Ricinus cmmunis: Ethnomedicinal uses and pharmacological activities. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 30. 1815-1827) |
| 6 | Sri Lanka | Sri Lanka -Ricinus communis is used in Sri Lankan An Antidiabetic Siddha preparations called -Piramehachchanthanaathiyennai (Saravanan V. Sathasivampillai, Pholtan R.S. Rajamanoharan, Michael Munday, Michael Heinrich, Plants used to treat diabetes in Sri Lankan Siddha Medicine – An ethnopharmacological review of historical and modern sources, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Volume 198, 2017, Pages 531-599, ISSN 0378-8741, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.07.053.) |
Phytochemical Details
| # | Phytochemical Constituents | PUBCHEM CID | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ricinine | 10666 | Pham NKT, Tran TTL, Duong TH, Trung NT, Phan DCT, Mai DT, Nguyen VK, Huynh BLC, Nguyen TAT, Tran TD, Tran TNM, Nguyen TP. Ricicomin A, a new alkaloid from the leaves of Ricinus communis Linn. Nat Prod Res. 2020 Oct 23:1-7. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1839456. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33096957. M.F.M.A. Bigi, V.L.V. Torkomian, S.T.C.S. De Groote, M.J.A. Hebling, O.C. Bueno, F.C. Pagnocca, J.B. Fernandes, P.C. Vieira, M.F.G.F. Da Silva Activity of Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae) and ricinine against the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens rubropilosa (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and the symbiotic fungus Leucoagaricus gongylophorus Pest Manag. Sci., 60 (2004), pp. 933-938 S.S. Kang, G.A. Cordell, D.D. Soejarto, H.H.S. Fong Alkaloids and flavonoids from Ricinus communis J. Nat. Prod., 48 (1985), pp. 155-156 S.M. Khafagy, Z.F. Mahmoud, N.A.E. Salam Coumarins and flavonoids of Ricinus communis growing in Egypt Planta Med., 37 (1979) P.R. Ribeiro, L.G. Fernandez, R.D. de Castro, W. Ligterink, H.W.M. Hilhorst Physiological and biochemical responses of Ricinus communis seedlings to different temperatures: a metabolomics approach BMC Plant Biol., 14 (2014) Z.N. Tang, L.X. Xie, X.J. Su, C.Q. Liang, S.Y. Qin, S.H. Huang Chemical constituents from roots of Ricinus communis Chin. Tradit. Herbal Drugs, 43 (2012), pp. 15-19 S.W. Wachira, S. Omar, J.W. Jacob, M. Wahome, H.T. Alborn, D.R. Spring, D.K. Masiga, B. Torto Toxicity of six plant extracts and two pyridone alkaloids from Ricinus communis against the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae Parasites Vectors, 7 (2014) |
| 2 | N-demethylricinine | 71315407 | Pham NKT, Tran TTL, Duong TH, Trung NT, Phan DCT, Mai DT, Nguyen VK, Huynh BLC, Nguyen TAT, Tran TD, Tran TNM, Nguyen TP. Ricicomin A, a new alkaloid from the leaves of Ricinus communis Linn. Nat Prod Res. 2020 Oct 23:1-7. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1839456. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33096957 |
| 3 | Ricicomin A | - | Pham NKT, Tran TTL, Duong TH, Trung NT, Phan DCT, Mai DT, Nguyen VK, Huynh BLC, Nguyen TAT, Tran TD, Tran TNM, Nguyen TP. Ricicomin A, a new alkaloid from the leaves of Ricinus communis Linn. Nat Prod Res. 2020 Oct 23:1-7. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1839456. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33096957. |
| 4 | 4-[2-formyl-5-(methoxymethyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl]butanoic acid | 10059539 | Pham NKT, Tran TTL, Duong TH, Trung NT, Phan DCT, Mai DT, Nguyen VK, Huynh BLC, Nguyen TAT, Tran TD, Tran TNM, Nguyen TP. Ricicomin A, a new alkaloid from the leaves of Ricinus communis Linn. Nat Prod Res. 2020 Oct 23:1-7. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1839456. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33096957. |
| 5 | (3E,7Z,11E)-19-hydroxycasba-3,7,11-trien-5-one | - | Qin-Gang Tana)b),Xiang-Hai Caia),Zhi-Zhi Dua), andXiao-Dong Luo,Three Terpenoids and a Tocopherol-Related Compound fromRicinus communis,Helvetica Chimica Acta– Vol. 92 (2009) |
| 6 | 6a-hydroxy-10b-methoxy-7a,8a-epoxy-5-oxocasbane-20,10-olide | - | Qin-Gang Tana)b),Xiang-Hai Caia),Zhi-Zhi Dua), andXiao-Dong Luo,Three Terpenoids and a Tocopherol-Related Compound fromRicinus communis,Helvetica Chimica Acta– Vol. 92 (2009) |
| 7 | 15a-hydroxylup-20(29)-en-3-one | 15038289 | Qin-Gang Tana)b),Xiang-Hai Caia),Zhi-Zhi Dua), andXiao-Dong Luo,Three Terpenoids and a Tocopherol-Related Compound fromRicinus communis,Helvetica Chimica Acta– Vol. 92 (2009) |
| 8 | (2R,4aR,8aR)-3,4,4a,8a-tetra-hydro-4a-hydroxy-2,6,7,8a-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-2H-chromene-5,8-dione | - | Qin-Gang Tana)b),Xiang-Hai Caia),Zhi-Zhi Dua), andXiao-Dong Luo,Three Terpenoids and a Tocopherol-Related Compound fromRicinus communis,Helvetica Chimica Acta– Vol. 92 (2009) |
| 9 | 3-carboxy-4-methoxy- N-methyl-2-pyridone | 440344 | Paulo R. Ribeiro, Renato D. de Castro, Luzimar G. Fernandez, Chemical constituents of the oilseed crop Ricinus communis and their pharmacological activities: A review, Industrial Crops and Products, Volume 91, 2016, Pages 358-376, ISSN 0926-6690, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.07.010. |
| 10 | Methyl 5-(3-cyano-1- methyl-2-oxo-1,2- dihydropyridine-4-il) pentanoate | - | Paulo R. Ribeiro, Renato D. de Castro, Luzimar G. Fernandez, Chemical constituents of the oilseed crop Ricinus communis and their pharmacological activities: A review, Industrial Crops and Products, Volume 91, 2016, Pages 358-376, ISSN 0926-6690, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.07.010. |
| 11 | 1-methyl-4-(4- metilpentiloksi) pyridine-2 (1H)-on | - | Paulo R. Ribeiro, Renato D. de Castro, Luzimar G. Fernandez, Chemical constituents of the oilseed crop Ricinus communis and their pharmacological activities: A review, Industrial Crops and Products, Volume 91, 2016, Pages 358-376, ISSN 0926-6690, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.07.010. |
| 12 | Quercetin | 5280343 | Paulo R. Ribeiro, Renato D. de Castro, Luzimar G. Fernandez, Chemical constituents of the oilseed crop Ricinus communis and their pharmacological activities: A review, Industrial Crops and Products, Volume 91, 2016, Pages 358-376, ISSN 0926-6690, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.07.010. |
| 13 | Quercetin-3-O- -d- galactoside | - | Paulo R. Ribeiro, Renato D. de Castro, Luzimar G. Fernandez, Chemical constituents of the oilseed crop Ricinus communis and their pharmacological activities: A review, Industrial Crops and Products, Volume 91, 2016, Pages 358-376, ISSN 0926-6690, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.07.010. |
| 14 | quercetin-3-O- -d- glucopyranoside | - | Paulo R. Ribeiro, Renato D. de Castro, Luzimar G. Fernandez, Chemical constituents of the oilseed crop Ricinus communis and their pharmacological activities: A review, Industrial Crops and Products, Volume 91, 2016, Pages 358-376, ISSN 0926-6690, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.07.010. |
| 15 | Quercetin-3-O- -d- xylopyranoside | - | Paulo R. Ribeiro, Renato D. de Castro, Luzimar G. Fernandez, Chemical constituents of the oilseed crop Ricinus communis and their pharmacological activities: A review, Industrial Crops and Products, Volume 91, 2016, Pages 358-376, ISSN 0926-6690, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.07.010. |
| 16 | Kaempferol-3-O- -d- glucopyranoside | - | Paulo R. Ribeiro, Renato D. de Castro, Luzimar G. Fernandez, Chemical constituents of the oilseed crop Ricinus communis and their pharmacological activities: A review, Industrial Crops and Products, Volume 91, 2016, Pages 358-376, ISSN 0926-6690, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.07.010. |
| 17 | Catechin | 73160 | Paulo R. Ribeiro, Renato D. de Castro, Luzimar G. Fernandez, Chemical constituents of the oilseed crop Ricinus communis and their pharmacological activities: A review, Industrial Crops and Products, Volume 91, 2016, Pages 358-376, ISSN 0926-6690, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.07.010. |
| 18 | Epicatechin | 182232 | Paulo R. Ribeiro, Renato D. de Castro, Luzimar G. Fernandez, Chemical constituents of the oilseed crop Ricinus communis and their pharmacological activities: A review, Industrial Crops and Products, Volume 91, 2016, Pages 358-376, ISSN 0926-6690, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.07.010. |
| 19 | Ellagic acid | 5281855 | Paulo R. Ribeiro, Renato D. de Castro, Luzimar G. Fernandez, Chemical constituents of the oilseed crop Ricinus communis and their pharmacological activities: A review, Industrial Crops and Products, Volume 91, 2016, Pages 358-376, ISSN 0926-6690, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.07.010. |
| 20 | Luteolin | 5280445 | Paulo R. Ribeiro, Renato D. de Castro, Luzimar G. Fernandez, Chemical constituents of the oilseed crop Ricinus communis and their pharmacological activities: A review, Industrial Crops and Products, Volume 91, 2016, Pages 358-376, ISSN 0926-6690, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.07.010. |
| 21 | Vitexin | 5280441 | Paulo R. Ribeiro, Renato D. de Castro, Luzimar G. Fernandez, Chemical constituents of the oilseed crop Ricinus communis and their pharmacological activities: A review, Industrial Crops and Products, Volume 91, 2016, Pages 358-376, ISSN 0926-6690, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.07.010. |
| 22 | Isofraxidine | 5318565 | Paulo R. Ribeiro, Renato D. de Castro, Luzimar G. Fernandez, Chemical constituents of the oilseed crop Ricinus communis and their pharmacological activities: A review, Industrial Crops and Products, Volume 91, 2016, Pages 358-376, ISSN 0926-6690, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.07.010. |
| 23 | Scopoletin | 5280460 | Paulo R. Ribeiro, Renato D. de Castro, Luzimar G. Fernandez, Chemical constituents of the oilseed crop Ricinus communis and their pharmacological activities: A review, Industrial Crops and Products, Volume 91, 2016, Pages 358-376, ISSN 0926-6690, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.07.010. |
| 24 | Beta-tocopherol | 6857447 | Paulo R. Ribeiro, Renato D. de Castro, Luzimar G. Fernandez, Chemical constituents of the oilseed crop Ricinus communis and their pharmacological activities: A review, Industrial Crops and Products, Volume 91, 2016, Pages 358-376, ISSN 0926-6690, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.07.010. |
| 25 | 1,8-cineole | 2758 | Paulo R. Ribeiro, Renato D. de Castro, Luzimar G. Fernandez, Chemical constituents of the oilseed crop Ricinus communis and their pharmacological activities: A review, Industrial Crops and Products, Volume 91, 2016, Pages 358-376, ISSN 0926-6690, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.07.010. |
| 26 | 11-beta hydroxysteroid dehy- drogenase | - | Paulo R. Ribeiro, Renato D. de Castro, Luzimar G. Fernandez, Chemical constituents of the oilseed crop Ricinus communis and their pharmacological activities: A review, Industrial Crops and Products, Volume 91, 2016, Pages 358-376, ISSN 0926-6690, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.07.010. |
| 27 | (+)-Beyerene | - | Paulo R. Ribeiro, Renato D. de Castro, Luzimar G. Fernandez, Chemical constituents of the oilseed crop Ricinus communis and their pharmacological activities: A review, Industrial Crops and Products, Volume 91, 2016, Pages 358-376, ISSN 0926-6690, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.07.010. |
| 28 | (+)-cembrene | 443483 | Paulo R. Ribeiro, Renato D. de Castro, Luzimar G. Fernandez, Chemical constituents of the oilseed crop Ricinus communis and their pharmacological activities: A review, Industrial Crops and Products, Volume 91, 2016, Pages 358-376, ISSN 0926-6690, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.07.010. |
| 29 | Camphene | 6616 | Paulo R. Ribeiro, Renato D. de Castro, Luzimar G. Fernandez, Chemical constituents of the oilseed crop Ricinus communis and their pharmacological activities: A review, Industrial Crops and Products, Volume 91, 2016, Pages 358-376, ISSN 0926-6690, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.07.010. |
Pharmacological Details
| # | PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIONS/THERAPEUTIC USES | REFERENCES |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Antiviral activity | Elkousy RH, Said ZNA, Abd El-Baseer MA, Abu El Wafa SA. Antiviral activity of castor oil plant (Ricinus communis) leaf extracts. J Ethnopharmacol. 2021 May 10;271:113878. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113878. Epub 2021 Jan 27. PMID: 33515683. Hassan Y, Ogg S, Ge H. Expression of novel fusion antiviral proteins ricin a chain-pokeweed antiviral proteins (RTA-PAPs) in Escherichia coli and their inhibition of protein synthesis and of hepatitis B virus in vitro. BMC Biotechnol. 2018 Aug 6;18(1):47. doi: 10.1186/s12896-018-0458-6. PMID: 30081895; PMCID: PMC6080542. Stock I. Frühsommer-Meningoenzephalitis [Tick-borne encephalitis--an update]. Med Monatsschr Pharm. 2016 May;39(5):190-6. German. PMID: 27348895. |
| 2 | Antibacterial activity | Shahzad M, Chaudhry M, Shahid MG, Ahsan A, Dar M, Mazhar B, Mustafa M, Saeed S, Munir S, Ali NM. Antibacterial activity of Ricinus communis plant extract against antibiotic resistant Helicobacter pylori and Gluconobacter oxydans isolated from fresh apple juices samples. Braz J Biol. 2021 Dec 15;84:e253203. doi: 10.1590/1519-6984.253203. PMID: 34932677. Rahman TU, Khan H, Liaqat W, Zeb MA. Phytochemical screening, green synthesis of gold nanoparticles, and antibacterial activity using seeds extract of Ricinus communis L. Microsc Res Tech. 2022 Jan;85(1):202-208. doi: 10.1002/jemt.23896. Epub 2021 Aug 5. PMID: 34352926. Al-Mamun MA, Akter Z, Uddin MJ, Ferdaus KM, Hoque KM, Ferdousi Z, Reza MA. Characterization and evaluation of antibacterial and antiproliferative activities of crude protein extracts isolated from the seed of Ricinus communis in Bangladesh. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2016 Jul 12;16:211. doi: 10.1186/s12906-016-1185-y. PMID: 27405609; PMCID: PMC4942971. Souza PF, Vasconcelos IM, Silva FD, Moreno FB, Monteiro-Moreira AC, Alencar LM, Abreu AS, Sousa JS, Oliveira JT. A 2S Albumin from the Seed Cake of Ricinus communis Inhibits Trypsin and Has Strong Antibacterial Activity against Human Pathogenic Bacteria. J Nat Prod. 2016 Oct 28;79(10):2423-2431. doi: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b01096. Epub 2016 Sep 28. PMID: 27680092. |
| 3 | Denture stomatitis | Pinelli LA, Montandon AA, Corbi SC, Moraes TA, Fais LM. Ricinus communis treatment of denture stomatitis in institutionalized elderly. J Oral Rehabil. 2013 May;40(5):375-80. doi: 10.1111/joor.12039. Epub 2013 Feb 26. PMID: 23438045. Inácio Silveira DQ, Lia EN, Massignan C, Stefani CM. Natural products for the treatment of denture stomatitis: A systematic review. J Prosthet Dent. 2021 Jul 8:S0022-3913(21)00315-2. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.05.022. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34247854. Badaró MM, Bueno FL, Arnez RM, Oliveira VC, Macedo AP, de Souza RF, Paranhos HFO, Silva-Lovato CH. The effects of three disinfection protocols on Candida spp., denture stomatitis, and biofilm: A parallel group randomized controlled trial. J Prosthet Dent. 2020 Dec;124(6):690-698. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2019.09.024. Epub 2020 Jan 17. PMID: 31955835. |
| 4 | Antimicrobial activity | El-Naggar MH, Elgaml A, Abdel Bar FM, Badria FA. Antimicrobial and antiquorum-sensing activity of Ricinus communis extracts and ricinine derivatives. Nat Prod Res. 2019 Jun;33(11):1556-1562. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1423306. Epub 2018 Jan 15. PMID: 29334239. Khalid A, Algarni AS, Homeida HE, Sultana S, Javed SA, Rehman ZU, Abdalla H, Alhazmi HA, Albratty M, Abdalla AN. Phytochemical, Cytotoxic, and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Tribulus terrestris L., Typha domingensis Pers., and Ricinus communis L.: Scientific Evidences for Folkloric Uses. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Jan 27;2022:6519712. doi: 10.1155/2022/6519712. PMID: 35126602; PMCID: PMC8813244. Gul A, Fozia, Shaheen A, Ahmad I, Khattak B, Ahmad M, Ullah R, Bari A, Ali SS, Alobaid A, Asmari MM, Mahmood HM. Green Synthesis, Characterization, Enzyme Inhibition, Antimicrobial Potential, and Cytotoxic Activity of Plant Mediated Silver Nanoparticle Using Ricinus communis Leaf and Root Extracts. Biomolecules. 2021 Feb 2;11(2):206. doi: 10.3390/biom11020206. PMID: 33540690; PMCID: PMC7913007. Leite VM, Pinheiro JB, Pisani MX, Watanabe E, de Souza RF, Paranhos Hde F, Lovato-Silva CH. In vitro antimicrobial activity of an experimental dentifrice based on Ricinus communis. Braz Dent J. 2014;25(3):191-6. doi: 10.1590/0103-6440201302382. PMID: 25252252. Zarai Z, Ben Chobba I, Ben Mansour R, Békir A, Gharsallah N, Kadri A. Essential oil of the leaves of Ricinus communis L.: in vitro cytotoxicity and antimicrobial properties. Lipids Health Dis. 2012 Aug 13;11:102. doi: 10.1186/1476-511X-11-102. PMID: 22888805; PMCID: PMC3492038. Naz R, Bano A. Antimicrobial potential of Ricinus communis leaf extracts in different solvents against pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2012 Dec;2(12):944-7. doi: 10.1016/S2221-1691(13)60004-0. PMID: 23593573; PMCID: PMC3621469. Abbas M, Ali A, Arshad M, Atta A, Mehmood Z, Tahir IM, Iqbal M. Mutagenicity, cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of Ricinus communis different parts. Chem Cent J. 2018 Jan 19;12(1):3. doi: 10.1186/s13065-018-0370-0. PMID: 29350299; PMCID: PMC5775190. Kebede B, Shibeshi W. In vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of extracts and fractions of leaves of Ricinus communis Linn against selected pathogens. Vet Med Sci. 2022 Feb 19. doi: 10.1002/vms3.772. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35182460. Iqbal J, Zaib S, Farooq U, Khan A, Bibi I, Suleman S. Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Free Radical Scavenging Potential of Aerial Parts of Periploca aphylla and Ricinus communis. ISRN Pharmacol. 2012;2012:563267. doi: 10.5402/2012/563267. Epub 2012 Jul 11. PMID: 22919511; PMCID: PMC3418662. |
| 5 | Antinociceptive activity | Hussain A, Aslam B, Muhammad F, Naeem Faisal M. Antipyretic and antinociceptive potential of Ricinus communis L. and Withania somnifera L. hydroalcoholic extracts in Wistar rats: A comparative study. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2021 Sep;34(5(Supplementary)):1879-1884. PMID: 34836854. Taur DJ, Waghmare MG, Bandal RS, Patil RY. Antinociceptive activity of Ricinus communis L. leaves. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2011 Apr;1(2):139-41. doi: 10.1016/S2221-1691(11)60012-9. PMID: 23569744; PMCID: PMC3609173. Farooq U, Khan A, Naz S, Rauf A, Khan H, Khan A, Ullah I, Bukhari SM. Sedative and antinociceptive activities of two new sesquiterpenes isolated from Ricinus communis. Chin J Nat Med. 2018 Mar;16(3):225-230. doi: 10.1016/S1875-5364(18)30051-7. PMID: 29576059. Gallantine EL, Meert TF. A comparison of the antinociceptive and adverse effects of the mu-opioid agonist morphine and the delta-opioid agonist SNC80. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2005 Jul;97(1):39-51. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2005.pto_97107.x. PMID: 15943758. |
| 6 | Anti breast cancer | Mabasa R, Malemela K, Serala K, Kgakishe M, Matsebatlela T, Mokgotho M, Mbazima V. Ricinus communis Butanol Fraction Inhibits MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Migration, Adhesion, and Invasiveness. Integr Cancer Ther. 2021 Jan-Dec;20:1534735420977684. doi: 10.1177/1534735420977684. PMID: 33565349; PMCID: PMC7878952. Majumder M, Debnath S, Gajbhiye RL, Saikia R, Gogoi B, Samanta SK, Das DK, Biswas K, Jaisankar P, Mukhopadhyay R. Ricinus communis L. fruit extract inhibits migration/invasion, induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells and arrests tumor progression in vivo. Sci Rep. 2019 Oct 10;9(1):14493. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-50769-x. PMID: 31601896; PMCID: PMC6787038. Selvaraju S, El Rassi Z. Tandem lectin affinity chromatography monolithic columns with surface-immobilized concanavalin A, wheat germ agglutinin and Ricinus communis agglutinin-I for capturing sub-glycoproteomics from breast cancer and disease-free human sera. J Sep Sci. 2012 Jul;35(14):1785-95. doi: 10.1002/jssc.201200230. PMID: 22807361. Shobha N, Nanda N, Giresha AS, Manjappa P, P S, Dharmappa KK, Nagabhushana BM. Synthesis and characterization of Zinc oxide nanoparticles utilizing seed source of Ricinus communis and study of its antioxidant, antifungal and anticancer activity. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2019 Apr;97:842-850. DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.12.023. Epub 2018 Dec 10. PMID: 30678976. Arcaro KF, Wang J, Otis CN, Zuckerman BM. Beta-galactosidase and alpha-mannosidase inhibit the formation of multicellular nodules in breast cancer cell cultures. Anticancer Res. 2004 Jan-Feb;24(1):139-44. PMID: 15015588. |
| 7 | Antidiabetic activity | Shokeen P, Anand P, Murali YK, Tandon V. Antidiabetic activity of 50% ethanolic extract of Ricinus communis and its purified fractions. Food Chem Toxicol. 2008 Nov;46(11):3458-66. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.08.020. Epub 2008 Aug 28. PMID: 18790711. Shokeen P, Anand P, Murali YK, Tandon V. Antidiabetic activity of 50% ethanolic extract of Ricinus communis and its purified fractions. Food Chem Toxicol. 2008 Nov;46(11):3458-66. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.08.020. Epub 2008 Aug 28. PMID: 18790711. Gad-Elkareem MAM, Abdelgadir EH, Badawy OM, Kadri A. Potential antidiabetic effect of ethanolic and aqueous-ethanolic extracts of Ricinus communis leaves on streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. PeerJ. 2019 Feb 18;7:e6441. doi: 10.7717/peerj.6441. PMID: 30805250; PMCID: PMC6383553. Li SH, Deng Q, Zhu L, Lai CH, Wang HS, Tan QG. [Terpenoids and sterols from Ricinus communis and their activities against diabetes]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2014 Feb;39(3):448-52. Chinese. PMID: 24946546. Adame-Miranda SJ, Granados-Guzmán G, Silva-Mares DA, Acevedo-Fernández JJ, Waksman-Minsky N, Salazar-Aranda R. Evaluation of antihyperglycemic activity of plants in northeast mexico. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 2021 Jan 31;67(1):212-218. doi: 10.14715/cmb/2021.67.1.30. PMID: 34817346. |
| 8 | Hepatoprotective activity | Babu PR, Bhuvaneswar C, Sandeep G, Ramaiah CV, Rajendra W. Hepatoprotective role of Ricinus communis leaf extract against d-galactosamine induced acute hepatitis in albino rats. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017 Apr;88:658-666. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.073. Epub 2017 Jan 30. PMID: 28152474. Raghuvanshi D, Dhalaria R, Sharma A, Kumar D, Kumar H, Valis M, Kuča K, Verma R, Puri S. Ethnomedicinal Plants Traditionally Used for the Treatment of Jaundice (Icterus) in Himachal Pradesh in Western Himalaya-A Review. Plants (Basel). 2021 Jan 25;10(2):232. doi: 10.3390/plants10020232. PMID: 33504029; PMCID: PMC7910824. Sharma J, Gairola S, Gaur RD, Painuli RM. The treatment of jaundice with medicinal plants in indigenous communities of the Sub-Himalayan region of Uttarakhand, India. J Ethnopharmacol. 2012 Aug 30;143(1):262-91. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.06.034. Epub 2012 Jul 1. PMID: 22759701. |
| 9 | Anti-inflammatory activity | Hussain A, Aslam B, Muhammad F, Faisal MN, Kousar S, Mushtaq A, Bari MU. Anti-arthritic activity of Ricinus communis L. and Withania somnifera L. extracts in adjuvant-induced arthritic rats via modulating inflammatory mediators and subsiding oxidative stress. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2021 Jul;24(7):951-961. doi: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.55145.12355. PMID: 34712426; PMCID: PMC8528258. Srivastava P, Jyotshna, Gupta N, Maurya AK, Shanker K. New anti-inflammatory triterpene from the root of Ricinus communis. Nat Prod Res. 2014;28(5):306-11. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2013.861834. Epub 2013 Nov 27. PMID: 24279342. Ilavarasan R, Mallika M, Venkataraman S. Anti-inflammatory and free radical scavenging activity of Ricinus communis root extract. J Ethnopharmacol. 2006 Feb 20;103(3):478-80. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.07.029. Epub 2005 Nov 28. PMID: 16310994. Nemudzivhadi V, Masoko P. In Vitro Assessment of Cytotoxicity, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae) Leaf Extracts. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2014;2014:625961. doi: 10.1155/2014/625961. Epub 2014 Nov 16. PMID: 25477994; PMCID: PMC4248555. Lomash V, Parihar SK, Jain NK, Katiyar AK. Effect of Solanum nigrum and Ricinus communis extracts on histamine and carrageenan-induced inflammation in the chicken skin. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 2010 Feb 9;56 Suppl:OL1239-51. PMID: 20158977. |
| 10 | Anti-arthritic activity/osteoarthritis | Ziaei A, Sahranavard S, Gharagozlou MJ, Faizi M. Preliminary investigation of the effects of topical mixture of Lawsonia inermis L. and Ricinus communis L. leaves extract in treatment of osteoarthritis using MIA model in rats. Daru. 2016 May 3;24(1):12. doi: 10.1186/s40199-016-0152-y. PMID: 27142000; PMCID: PMC4855329. Nirmal P, Koppikar S, Bhondave P, Narkhede A, Nagarkar B, Kulkarni V, Wagh N, Kulkarni O, Harsulkar A, Jagtap S. Influence of six medicinal herbs on collagenase-induced osteoarthritis in rats. Am J Chin Med. 2013;41(6):1407-25. doi: 10.1142/S0192415X13500948. PMID: 24228609. |
| 11 | Lipolytic activity | Lombard S, Helmy ME, Piéroni G. Lipolytic activity of ricin from Ricinus sanguineus and Ricinus communis on neutral lipids. Biochem J. 2001 Sep 15;358(Pt 3):773-81. doi: 10.1042/0264-6021:3580773. PMID: 11535138; PMCID: PMC1222111. |
| 12 | Anticonvulsant activity | Tripathi AC, Gupta R, Saraf SK. Phytochemical investigation characterization and anticonvulsant activity of Ricinus communis seeds in mice. Nat Prod Res. 2011 Nov;25(19):1881-4. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2010.551753. Epub 2011 Aug 26. PMID: 21870936. Sharma J, Gairola S, Gaur RD, Painuli RM, Siddiqi TO. Ethnomedicinal plants used for treating epilepsy by indigenous communities of the sub-Himalayan region of Uttarakhand, India. J Ethnopharmacol. 2013 Oct 28;150(1):353-70. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.08.052. Epub 2013 Sep 9. PMID: 24029249. Ferraz AC, Anselmo-Franci JA, Perosa SR, de Castro-Neto EF, Bellissimo MI, de Oliveira BH, Cavalheiro EA, Naffah-Mazzacoratti Mda G, Da Cunha C. Amino acid and monoamine alterations in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of mice submitted to ricinine-induced seizures. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2002 Jul;72(4):779-86. doi: 10.1016/s0091-3057(02)00750-5. PMID: 12062566. |
Marketed Products
| # | AVALAIBLE PRODUCTS | MANUFACTURERS AND SUPPLIERS | URL |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Okay Pure Naturals, Jamaican Black Castor Oil | XTreme Beauty International | Open Url |
| 2 | Cliganic USDA Organic Castor Oil | Cliganic | Open Url |
| 3 | Castor Oil (2oz), USDA Certified Organic | Kate Blanc Cosmetics Store | Open Url |
| 4 | Ricinus Communis 1000CH | SBL PVT LTD | Open Url |
| 5 | Inlife Castor Oil | Inlife Pharma Pvt Ltd | Open Url |
| 6 | Physalis Bio Castor Oil | Physalis Bio | Open Url |
| 7 | Bio India Ricinus Communis | Bio-India Pharma | Open Url |
| 8 | Gandarvahasthadi Eranda Thailam | Jayabharatham Ayurveda | Open Url |
| 9 | Erand Pak | HERBS INDIA | Open Url |
| 10 | Nimbamritadi Eranda tail | Dabur India Limited | Open Url |
| 11 | NOW Foods Castor Oil | NOW | Open Url |
| 12 | HP Healthpoint Zinc & Castor Oil | HP | Open Url |
| 13 | Basic Ayurveda Erand Pak | Basic Ayurveda | Open Url |
| 14 | Nature Science Ayurveda Erand Oil | Nature Science Ayurveda | Open Url |
| 15 | Aamvatari Ras | Patanjali Ayurved Limited, | Open Url |
| 16 | Abhayamlki Rasanayam | NEW BHUVANENDRA AYURVEDIC PHARMACY | Open Url |
| 17 | AVS KOTTAKKAL NIMBAMRITADI ERANDA THAILAM 200ML | AVS KOTTAKKAL NIMBAMRITADI ERANDA THAILAM | Open Url |
| 18 | Kerala Ayurveda Balarishtam | Kerala Ayurveda Ltd. | Open Url |
Traditional Indian Medicinal Formulations
| # | AYURVEDIC FORMULATIONS (TKDL) | UNANI FORMULATIONS (TKDL) | SIDDHA FORMULATIONS (TKDL) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Erand Kvatha | Zaitoon | Plaasthri-1 |
| 2 | Nagaradikvatha | Tila-e- Suda-e- Baarid | Anda Veekathirku Otradam |
| 3 | Amratadikvatha | Halwa-e- Supari Paak | Merrugulli Thylam |
| 4 | Dantyadikvatha | Majoon-e- Arastoon Kabeer | Valisurathirku Kudineer |
| 5 | Loknathrasa | Kalinga Thylam | |
| 6 | Svadanstradilauham | Maantha Ennei | |
| 7 | Tamraparpati | Vizhuthi Ennai | |
| 8 | Rasnadikvatha | Idivallathy Mezhugu | |
| 9 | Eladikvatha | Chukku Thylam | |
| 10 | Sulebhsinghini gutika | ||
| 11 | Kaserukadikashaya | ||
| 12 | Lohamaranam | ||
| 13 | Dasamuladikvatha | ||
| 14 | Sulasinghrasa | ||
| 15 | Masatailam | ||
| 16 | Masatailam (Brahat) | ||
| 17 | Bhargisatapalakaghritam |
Other Polyherbal Formulations
| # | POLYHERBAL FORMULATIONS | CITATIONS ON POLYHERBAL FORMULATIONS (PROPERTIES & ACTIVITIES) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | BB Kabele-Toge, GO Ajayi, EE Emuveyan, CI Igwilo, Formulation studies on the seeds of Ricinus Communis Linn. fam. Euphorbiaceae, Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences -- Vol. 3 No. 2 (2006) |
Market Overview
Global End Use Market
Pharmaceuticals, Cosmetics, Industrial and Food Industry.
Available Global Market
South Africa,India, Missouri, Southern Indiana,Germany, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Brazil, Thailand, USSR
Global Manufacturer Extract
Ambuja Solvex Pvt. Ltd., Gustav Heess, Caribbean Natural, OLVEA Vegetable Oils, Jeen International, OQEMA, New Directions Aromatics, CREMER OLEO, Elementis, A&A Fratelli Parodi, All Organic Treasures, Earthoil, Custom Ingredients, Ekologie Forte, Esperis, The Herbarie, Vantage Specialty Ingredients, Vertellus Specialties, Hokoku Corporation, ITOH Oil Chemicals Co. Ltd. Taj Agro Products, Adani Group, Jayant Agro Organics, Liaoyang Huaxing Chemical Co., Ltd., Gokul Overseas
Distribution in IORA Countries
Kenya, Mozambique, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Tanzania, Malaysia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, France, Bangladesh and Australia.
Trade Data
Source Supply
Tropical and subtropical region (generally) temperate areas.
Trade Name
Aavanakkenna, aavanakkenna sudhi, arand bij, arand mool, arand oil.
Annual Consumption (in MT)
-
Medicinal Plants Traders from India
| # | ADDRESSES OF MEDICINAL PLANTS TRADERS |
|---|---|
| 1 | Indian Herbs, Mo.5 Trimurti Nagar, Dhabi, Neemuch-458220, Madhya Pradesh, India |
| 2 | Shreya Enterprises12, Jaggery Complex, APMC Yard, Bijapur, Near Karnataka Cold Storage, APMC Market Yard, Vijayapura-586101, Karnataka, India |
| 3 | Mukesh Treding 114, Market Yard, Sanchor Highway Road, Tharad, Banaskantha-385565, Gujarat, India |
| 4 | Santo Group, Near Tagore Public School, Chirawa Road, Surajgarh, Jhujhunu-333029, Rajasthan, India |
| 5 | Reddis N.P. International 4-164 Malkajgiri Hyderabad 500047 Andhra Pradesh, India |
| 6 | V5 International LLP ,A25/26, 502 Lakshyadeep Tower, Sethi Colony, Jaipur 302002 Rajasthan, India |
| 7 | Acmocon Silex, 829-star Plaza Phulchhab Chowk Rajkot 360001, Gujarat, India |
| 8 | Keshavam International ,306, Emerald, Near Choice Restaurant Off. C.g.road Navarangpura Ahmedabad 380009 Gujarat India |
| 9 | Vardhman Exotic Herbs And Spices, A-12 Apmc Market -1 Vashi Sector-19 C. Navi Mumbai 400705. Maharashtra. India |
| 10 | Neeraj Agarwal Daliya Wali Gali Sadar Bazarr New Delhi - 110006, India |
| 11 | Nature Herbs Hyderabad, Telangana |
| 12 | The Herbs N Spices 9B, Industrial Estate Neemuch - 458441, Madhya Pradesh, India Call Us: 08046063649 |
PATENTS
| # | PATENT TITLE | PATENT/APPLICATION NO. | PATENT OFFICE | SOURCE |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Massage and sport cream composition systems | 15591713 | USPTO | Details |
| 2 | Chinese hamster ovary cell lines | US 20150184135 A1 | USPTO | Details |
| 3 | Chinese hamster ovary cell lines | US 20110177555 A1 | USPTO | Details |
| 4 | Solid fuel | US 20130008358 A1 | USPTO | Details |
| 5 | Enhancement of hydroxy fatty acid accumulation in oilseed plants | US 20080282427 A1 | USPTO | Details |
| 6 | Method for diagnosing liver diseases | US 20060177876 A1 | USPTO | Details |
| 7 | Pharmacologically active polypeptide glycoconjugates | US 20050203004 A1 | USPTO | Details |
| 8 | Diacylglycerol acyltransferase and its use to preferentially incorporate fatty acids into diacylglycerol | 71,95,901 | USPTO | Details |
| 9 | Agropolymer containing a carbohydrate and silica matrix from plants | PCTIN0000015 | USPTO | Details |
| 10 | Ricinus communis .beta.-ketoacyl-ACP synthase nucleic acids | 568493 | USPTO | Details |
| 11 | Plant fatty acid synthases | 5475099 | USPTO | Details |
| 12 | Synthesis and utilization of carbohydrate-binding polymer-lectin conjugates | 690641 | USPTO | Details |
| 13 | Method for treating cancer using galactose-specific lectins | 44,96,539 | USPTO | Details |
| 14 | Foaming oil cleanser composition | US 20190262258 A1 | USPTO | Details |
| 15 | Hair oils for conditioning keratin fibres | US 20200188284 A1 | USPTO | Details |
| 16 | Composition and method of skin relief cream useful for eczema, psoriasis, lipoma, burn wounds, scars, keloids, shingles, dry skin disorders, and skin allergies | US 20200061144 A1 | USPTO | Details |
| 17 | Massage and sport cream composition systems | 15591713 | USPTO | Details |
| 18 | Alpha omega bifunctional fatty acids | US 20180119183 A1 | USPTO | Details |
| 19 | Biomarker for detecting cancer | US 20180031560 A1 | USPTO | Details |
| 20 | Competition based-detection assays | US 20150338410 A1 | USPTO | Details |
| 21 | Method of producing recombinant proteins with mannose-terminated N-glycans | US 20150152402 A1 | USPTO | Details |
| 22 | Methods for increasing renewable oil production | 61371936 | USPTO | Details |
| 23 | Skin care products containing multiple enhancers | US 20090117061 A1 | USPTO | Details |
| 24 | Method for diagnosing liver diseases | US 20060177876 A1 | USPTO | Details |
| 25 | Commercial production of chymosin in plants | 9378696 | USPTO | Details |
| 26 | Melanoma differentiation associated gene-5 and promoter and uses thereof | US 20030092043 A1 | USPTO | Details |
| 27 | Oil bodies and associated proteins as affinity matrices | 767026 | USPTO | Details |
| 28 | Expression of somatotropin in plant seeds | 62,88,304 | USPTO | Details |
| 29 | SOLID FUEL | MY171639 (A) | EPO | Details |
| 30 | RODENTICIDE | CN113677208 (A) | EPO | Details |
| 31 | LIPASE DERIVED FROM RICINUS COMMUNIS L., AND DNA ENCODING THE SAME, VECTOR, AND TRANSGENIC PLANT BODY | JP2021132593 (A) | EPO | Details |
| 32 | Composition for Preventing Improving or Treating of muscular disease containing Ricinus communis L. extract | KR20210094430 (A) | EPO | Details |
| 33 | Pteridinone compound as well as preparation method and application thereof | CN113200985 (A) | EPO | Details |
| 34 | METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR DETERMINING A REFERENCE RANGE OF Β-GALACTOSE EXPOSURE PLATELET | WO2021224401 (A1) | EPO | Details |
| 35 | KIT FOR TRACKING AND DIAGNOSING DEGREE OF PROGRESSIVE CHRONIC HEPATITIS AND LIVER FIBROSIS BY MEASURING ASIALO (alpha)1-ACID GLYCOPROTEIN AS HEPATOCELLULAR INJURY MARKER AND USE THEREOF | US2021132082 (A1) | EPO | Details |
| 36 | it for tracking chronic progressive hepatitis and hepatic fibrosis degree and application thereof | CN112748246 (A) | EPO | Details |
| 37 | Pest control waterlogged compost fertilizer and preparation method thereof | CN112694362 (A) | EPO | Details |
| 38 | Ecological planting method of codonopsis pilosul (Franch.)Nannf. | CN112352647 (A) | EPO | Details |
| 39 | Special soil directional conditioner for planting ricinus communis in saline-alkali soil and method for planting ricinus communis in saline-alkali soil | CN112210386 (A) | EPO | Details |
| 40 | Massage and sport cream composition systems | US10792321 (B1) | EPO | Details |
| 41 | COSMETIC AGENTS FOR CONDITIONING KERATIN FIBRES | US2020188287 (A1) | EPO | Details |
| 42 | Pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating vitiligo comprising extract of Ricinus communis as an active ingredient | KR20200048305 (A) | EPO | Details |
| 43 | Chestnut biological insect-resist agent and preparation method thereof | CN111109311 (A) | EPO | Details |
| 44 | Foot cream for curing diabetic foot and preparation method of foot cream | CN110638976 (A) | EPO | Details |
| 45 | ORAL MULTIPARTICULATE HERBAL COMPOSITION AS AN IMMUNOMODULATOR | 50/2021 | IPO | Details |
| 46 | HOMOEOPATHIC WINTER CARE CREAM | 50/2020 | IPO | Details |
| 47 | ANTICOAGULANT PROTEINS AND THEIR USE FOR TREATING DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH THE ACTIVATION OF NEUTROPHILS | 38/2020 | IPO | Details |
| 48 | HERBAL-FRUIT WINE COMPOSITION AND A METHOD OF PREPARATION THEREOF | 44/2020 | IPO | Details |
| 49 | A SYNERGISTIC ANTI-FUNGAL COMPOSITION OF ESSENTIAL OIL EXTRACTED FROM NEEDLES OF JUNIPERUS COMMUNIS WITH ANTIBIOTICS FOR TREATING CANDIDIASIS | 39/2020 | IPO | Details |
| 50 | HOMEOPATHIC MEDICAMENT USEFUL FOR IMMUNOMODULATION | 27/2020 | IPO | Details |
| 51 | NEWER HERBAL OINTMENTS FOR TREATING SKIN CANCER AND WOUNDS | 36/2017 | IPO | Details |
| 52 | A NOVEL HERBAL FORMULATION (OA-F2) FOR USE IN OSTEOARTHRITIS | - | IPO | Details |
| 53 | A NOVEL HERBAL PREPARATION FOR TREATMENT OF JAUNDICE IN NEONATES AND LACTATING MOTHER | 13/2018 | IPO | Details |
| 54 | A FORMULATION FOR THE TREATMENT OF ARTHRITIS | 35/2018 | IPO | Details |
| 55 | HERBAL PREPARATION FOR THERAPEUTIC AND PROPHYLACTIC MANAGEMENT OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS | 13/2019 | IPO | Details |
| 56 | A SYNERGISTIC HERBAL COMPOSITION FOR TREATING BLOAT | 30/2019 | IPO | Details |
| 57 | A SYNERGISTIC POLYHERBAL FORMULATION FOR TREATING KIDNEY STONES | 28/2018 | IPO | Details |
| 58 | HERBAL PREPARATION FOR THERAPEUTIC AND PROPHYLACTIC MANAGEMENT OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS | 13/2019 | IPO | Details |
| 59 | A PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF ALGINIC ACID FROM PYRUS COMMUNIS AND/OR MALUS PUMILA | 33/2018 | IPO | Details |
| 60 | A PLANT BASED MICROSCOPIC IMMERSION OIL FORMULATION | 05/2019 | IPO | Details |
| 61 | PLANT BASED ANTIMICROBIAL COMPOSITION AND METHOD OF PREPARATION THEREOF | 34/2019 | IPO | Details |