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Plantago Ovata Forssk.
BOTANICAL DETAILS OF PLANT
Synonyms
Plantago orbignyana Steinh. ex Decne Plantago australis subsp. orbignyana (Steinh. ex Decne.) Rahn Plantago australis subsp. pseudomollior Rahn S Plantago cumingiana Fisch. & E. Mey. Plantago hartwegii Decne. Synonym Plantago hirtella var. orbignyana (Steinh. ex Decne.) A. Gray Plantago major var. runcinata Walp. Plantago orbignyana var. lasiantha Pilg.
Kew Herbarium Links
Classification
Kingdom
Plantae
Subkingdom
Tracheobionta
Superdivision
-
Division
Magnoliophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Subclass
Asteridae
Order
Plantaginales
Family
Plantaginaceae
Genus
Plantago
Species
ovata
Plant Description
An Annual or perennial, acaulescent herbs. Leaves usually all radical, sometimes cauline, lanceolite, dentate. Flowers hermaphrodite, dimorphic, polygamous, grouped in cylindrical spikes. Calyx lobes ovate, obtuse, glabrous, subequal or 2 large and 2 small. Corolla tube cylindrical, lobes ovate,4, equal, sometimes contracted at the throat. Stamens 4, inserted at or above the middle of the corolla tube, often exserted. Ovary 2-locular or 3-4-locular with false free septa; locules with 1 to many ovules. Seeds enclosed in capsule. Seeds boat shaped with ovate outline, pinkish grey to brown in color,2.3X1-1.1.5 mm usually peltate, grey-pink, mucilaginous, albumen fleshy.
Habit/Life Form
Herb
DISTRIBUTION OF SPECIES IN INDIA
Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab and Tamil Nadu.
AGROCLIMATIC CONDITIONS
| # | Soil and Climate | Temperature (°C) | Average Annual Rainfall (mm) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Soil- well drained sandy loam to rich loamy soil pH-7.2- 7.9. | 20-35 | 50-125 |
Local Names
| # | Language Name | Local Name |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Arabic | Bartang, Bazre-katima |
| 2 | English | Isphagul seeds |
| 3 | Hindi | Isabghul, Isabgol |
| 4 | Kannada | Esabakolu |
| 5 | Malayalam | Ispaghal, Karkatasringi, Snigddhajirakam |
| 6 | Marathi | Isabagola |
| 7 | Sanskrit | Ashwagol, Ishadgola, Ashwakarna, Ashwakarnabeeja, Sheetabeeja, Ishrawarabola, Snigdhajeeraka |
| 8 | Kanada | Isofgolu, Visamagolu, Issabagolu, Isabakolu |
| 9 | Tamil | Isappa, Aliyakocam, Isapakulvittu, Ishappukol |
| 10 | Telugu | Esapagala, Esphagula, Isapagala, Isapagalavittulu, Isapgaluvittulu, Isphagula |
| 11 | Urdu | Aspaghol, Isapghul, Ispaghul, Ispaghul musallam, Subus isapghol |
| 12 | Oriya | Isabgul |
International Local Names
| # | Country Name | Local Name |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Germany | Wegerich |
Plant Parts Used
Young leaves and Seeds.
System of Medicine
Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, Folk, Modern BPC 1973 (Ispaghula husk) British pharmacopoeia 1980, 1983, 1990 (Ispaghula husk) Martindale 30th edition Pharmacopoeias-U.S. under the title Plantago Seed Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia French pharmacopoeia German pharmacopoeia.
Intended Use
Softens stool, Chronic colitis, Skin infections, insects bite, urinary infections, Obesity, Yeast infection, hemorrhoids, anal fissures, diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), ulcerative colitis, dysentery, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes.
Traditional Application
Plantago ovata is a well-known plant regarded as a remedy for various ailments in the traditional system of medicine in many countries of the world. Seeds are an excellent source for treating stomach-related disorders -dysentery, enteritis, hemorrhoids, bladder problems, and gastritis.
1) Fresh leaves prevented itching and the spread of dermatitis.
2) Ispaghula husk helps in improving the lipid profile.
3) External use of poultice made from seeds with hot water is used in constipation, gastric complaints and its rheumatism (Shah GL and Gopal GV. Ethnomedical note from the tribal inhabitants of north Gujarat (India). J. Econ. Taxon. Botany, 1985; 6(1): 193-201)
4) Decoction of Ispaghula with a little sugar is considered as a cooling demulcent drink.
5) Seeds or Ispaghula husks in water help to curb appetite.
6) Grounded seeds or husks are consumed orally in chronic colitis.
7) Seeds are used in urinary infections as an ancillary treatment.
8) Fresh leaves are applied externally in poison ivy reactions, insect-bites, and stings.
9) Soften stools and relief from pain associated with hemorrhoids, ispaghula has also been used effectively to treat yeast infections.
10) A decoction of seeds is useful to cure cough and cold.
11) Extract of overnight water-soaked seed husk with sugar and consumed orally early morning for 20-25 days is helpful in curing jaundice and /or hepatitis. (Arshad Mehmood Abbasi, Mir Ajab Khan, Mushtaq Ahmad, Muhammad Zafar, Hamayun, Khan, Niaz Muhammad, and Shazia Sultana, Medicinal plants used for the treatment of jaundice and hepatitis based on socio-economic documentation, African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 8 (8), pp. 1643-1650, 20 April, 2009, Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB).
12) Infusion of seed is consumed orally for urinary tract infections.
Uses in IORA Countries
| # | Country Name | Uses |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yemen | Soaked seeds are used as a poultice on boils and ulcers (Schopen A. Traditionelle Heilmittel in Jemen, Steiner, Weisbaden, Germany, 1983) |
| 2 | Iran | Water extract of the dried seed is used to perform inflammatory and emollient effects. |
| 3 | Thailand | Decoction of the dried seed husks is taken orally as a demulcent and for diarrhea(Jewvachdamrongkul Y, Dechatiwongtse T, Pecharaply D, Bansiddhi J and Kanchanapee P. Identification of some Thai medicinal plants. Mahidol Univ. J. Pharm. Sci., 1982; 9(3): 65-73.) |
Phytochemical Details
| # | Phytochemical Constituents | PUBCHEM CID | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Boschniakine | 442507 | |
| 2 | Boschniakinic acid | 12300212 | |
| 3 | D-Fructose | 2723872 | |
| 4 | D-Galactose | 6036 | |
| 5 | D-Galacturonic Acid | 439215 | |
| 6 | D-Raffinose | 219993 | |
| 7 | DL-Alanine-15N | 51283 | |
| 8 | DL-Asparagine | 236 | |
| 9 | DL-Valine | 1182 | |
| 10 | Docosanoic acid | 8215 | |
| 11 | Glutamate | 4525487 | |
| 12 | Glycine | 750 | |
| 13 | L-Arabinose | 439195 | |
| 14 | l-ascorbic acid | 54670067 | |
| 15 | Luteolin | 5280445 | |
| 16 | L-Norleucine | 21236 | |
| 17 | Lignoceric acid | 11197 | |
| 18 | linolenic acid | 5280934 | |
| 19 | Cystine | 595 | |
| 20 | Stachyose | 439531 | |
| 21 | Alpha. -Amyrin | 73170 |
Pharmacological Details
| # | PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIONS/THERAPEUTIC USES | REFERENCES |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Irritable Bowel Syndrome | Bijkerk CJ, de Wit NJ, Muris JW, Whorwell PJ, Knottnerus JA, Hoes AW. The soluble or insoluble fiber in irritable bowel syndrome in primary care? A randomized placebo-controlled trial. BMJ. 2009;339:b3154. Published 2009 Aug 27. doi:10.1136/bmj.b3154 Pramanick P, Chakraborty A, Raychaudhuri SS. Phenotypic and biochemical alterations in relation to MT2 gene expression in Plantago ovata Forsk under zinc stress. Biometals. 2017;30(2):171-184. doi:10.1007/s10534-017-9990-4 Arthurs Y, Fielding JF. A double-blind trial of ispaghula/poloxamer in the Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Ir Med J. 1983;76(5):253. Ford AC, Moayyedi P. Bran and irritable bowels. Bran's deleterious effects: much ado about nothing. BMJ. 2009;339:b3956. Published 2009 Sep 29. doi:10.1136/bmj.b3956 Tomás-Ridocci M, Añón R, Mínguez M, Zaragoza A, Ballester J, Benages A. Eficacia del Plantago ovata como regulador del tránsito intestinal. Estudio doble ciego comparativo frente a placebo [The efficacy of Plantago ovata as a regulator of intestinal transit. A double-blind study compared to placebo]. Rev Esp Enferm Dig. 1992;82(1):17-22. M.E Rodrı́guez-Cabezas, J Gálvez, D Camuesco, M.D Lorente, A Concha, O Martinez-Augustin, L Redondo, A Zarzuelo, Intestinal anti-inflammatory activity of dietary fiber (Plantago ovata seeds) in HLA-B27 transgenic rats,Clinical Nutrition,Volume 22, Issue 5,2003,Pages 463-471, ISSN 0261-5614,https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5614(03)00045-1. |
| 2 | Anti-diarrheal and anti-constipation activity | Marlett JA, Kajs TM, Fischer MH. An unfermented gel component of psyllium seed husk promotes laxation as a lubricant in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;72:784-789 Quartero AO, Meineche-Schmidt V, Muris J, Rubin G, de Wit N. Bulking agents, antispasmodic and antidepressant medication for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;(2): CD003460. Published 2005 Apr 18. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003460.pub2 W. MCRORIE, B. P. DAGGY, J. G. MOREL, P. S. DIERSING, P. B. MINER & M. ROBINSON, Psyllium is superior to docusate sodium for the treatment of chronic constipation. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1998; 12: 491±497. Tomás-Ridocci M, Añón R, Mínguez M, Zaragoza A, Ballester J, Benages A. Eficacia del Plantago ovata como regulador del tránsito intestinal. Estudio doble ciego comparativo frente a placebo [The efficacy of Plantago ovata as a regulator of intestinal transit. A double-blind study compared to placebo]. Rev Esp Enferm Dig. 1992;82(1):17-22. F Fernández-Bañares, J Hinojosa, J.L Sánchez-Lombraña, E Navarro, J.F Martı́nez-Salmerón, A Garcı́a-Pugés, F González-Huix, J Riera, V González-Lara, F Domı́nguez-Abascal, J.J Giné, J Moles, F Gomollón, M.A Gassull,Randomized clinical trial of Plantago ovata seeds (dietary fiber) as compared with mesalamine in maintaining remission in ulcerative colitis,The American Journal of Gastroenterology, Volume 94, Issue 2,1999, Pages 427-433, ISSN 0002-9270, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9270(98)00753-9 Emmanuel, A.V., Tack, J., Quigley, E.M. and Talley, N.J. (2009), Pharmacological management of constipation. Neurogastroenterology & Motility, 21: 41-54. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2982.2009.01403.x Mehmood, M.H., Aziz, N., Ghayur, M.N. et al. Pharmacological Basis for the Medicinal Use of Psyllium Husk (Ispaghula) in Constipation and Diarrhea. Dig Dis Sci 56, 1460–1471 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-010-1466-0 Odes H, S, Madar Z: A Double-Blind Trial of a Celandine, Aloe vera, and Psyllium Laxative Preparation in Adult Patients with Constipation. Digestion 1991;49:65-71. doi: 10.1159/000200705 I C Gelissen, B Brodie, M A Eastwood, Effect of Plantago ovata (psyllium) husk and seeds on sterol metabolism: studies in normal and ileostomy subjects, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 59, Issue 2, February 1994, Pages 395–400, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/59.2.395 |
| 3 | Hypocholestrolemic activity | Li Chang Xing, Dhanasikar Santhi, Abdul Ghaffar Shar, Muhammad Saeed, Muhammad Asif Arain, Akhtar Hussain Shar, Zohaib Ahmed Bhutto, Mohib Ullah Kakar, Robina Manzoor, Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack, Mahmoud Alagawany, Kuldeep Dhama and Mo Chen ling, 2017. Psyllium Husk (Plantago ovata) as a Potent Hypocholesterolemic Agent in Animals, Humans, and Poultry. International Journal of Pharmacology, 13: 690-697. Anderson JW, Davidson MH, Blonde L, et al. Long-term cholesterol-lowering effects of psyllium as an adjunct to diet therapy in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;71(6):1433-1438. doi:10.1093/ajcn/71.6.1433 Anderson, J.W., N. Zettwoch, T. Feldman, J. Tietyen-clark, P. Oeltgen and C.W. Bishop, 1988. Cholesterol-lowering effects of psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid for hypercholesterolemic men. Arch. Intern. Med., 148: 292-296. Anderson, J.W., L.D. Allgood, A. Lawrence, L.A. Altringer, G.R. Jerdack, D.A. Hengehold and J.G. Morel, 2000. Cholesterol-lowering effects of psyllium intake adjunctive to diet therapy in men and women with hypercholesterolemia: Meta-analysis of 8 controlled trials. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 71: 472-479. Marounek, M., Volek, Z., Skřivanová, E., Taubner, T., & Dušková, D. (2015). Comparative Study on the Hypocholesterolemic Activity of Amidated Polysaccharides and Psyllium. BioResources, 11(1), 365-372. Retrieved from https://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/BioRes/article/view/BioRes_11_1_365_Marounek_Comparative_Study_Amidated_Polysaccharides Marlett J.A. (1997) Sites and Mechanisms for the Hypocholesterolemic Actions of Soluble Dietary Fiber Sources. In: Kritchevsky D., Bonfield C. (eds) Dietary Fiber in Health and Disease. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 427. Springer, Boston, MA M.H. Davidson, L.D. Dugan, J.H. Burns A psyllium-enriched cereal for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia in children: a controlled, double-blind, crossover study American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 63 (1996), pp. 96-102 D.L. Sprecher, B.V. Harris, A.C. Goldberg, E.C. Anderson, L.M. Bayuk, B.S. Rusell, Efficacy of psyllium in reducing serum cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic patients on high- or low-fat diets, Annals of Internal Medicines, 119 (1993), pp. 545-554 |
| 4 | Hyperglycemic activity | Seyed Ali Ziai, Bagher Larijani, Shahin Akhoondzadeh, Hossein Fakhrzadeh, Arezoo Dastpak, Fatemeh Bandarian, Afsaneh Rezai, Hassanali Naghdi Badi, Tara Emami,Psyllium decreased serum glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin significantly in diabetic outpatients, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Volume 102, Issue 2,2005,Pages 202-207, ISSN 0378-8741,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.06.042 H.A. Jarjis, N.A. Blackburn, J.S. Redfern, N.W. Read, The effect of ispaghula (fybogel and Metamucil) and guar gum glucose tolerance in man British Journal Nutrition, 51 (1984), pp. 371-378 J.G. Pastors, P.W. Blaisdell, T.K. Balm, C.M. Asplin, S.L. Pohl Psyllium fiber reduces the rise in postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 53 (1991), pp. 1431-1435 M. Rodriguez-Moran, F. Guerrero-Romero, G. Lazcano-Burciaga Lipid- and glucose-lowering efficacy of Plantago psyllium in type II diabetes Journal of Diabetes and its Complications, 12 (1998), pp. 273-278 Díez R, García JJ, Diez MJ, Sierra M, Sahagun AM, Fernández N. Influence of Plantago ovata husk (dietary fiber) on the bioavailability and other pharmacokinetic parameters of metformin in diabetic rabbits. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2017;17(1):298. Published 2017 Jun 7. doi:10.1186/s12906-017-1809-x Hannan JM, Ali L, Khaleque J, Akhter M, Flatt PR, Abdel-Wahab YH. Aqueous extracts of husks of Plantago ovata reduce hyperglycaemia in type 1 and type 2 diabetes by inhibition of intestinal glucose absorption. Br J Nutr. 2006;96(1):131-137. doi:10.1079/bjn20061819 |
| 5 | Anti-inflammatory activity | Rodríguez-Cabezas ME, Gálvez J, Camuesco D, et al. Intestinal anti-inflammatory activity of dietary fiber (Plantago ovata seeds) in HLA-B27 transgenic rats. Clin Nutr. 2003;22(5):463-471. doi:10.1016/s0261-5614(03)00045-1 Reddy PRT, Vandana KV, Prakash S. Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties of Plantago ovata Forssk. leaves and seeds against periodontal pathogens: An in vitro study. Ayu. 2018;39(4):226-229. doi:10.4103/ayu.AYU_176_16 |
| 6 | Hemorrhoids | Kecmanovic DM, Pavlov MJ, Ceranic MS, Kerkez MD, Rankovic VI, Masirevic VP. Bulk agent Plantago ovata after Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy with Ligasure. Phytother Res. 2006;20(8):655-658. doi:10.1002/ptr.1926 Perez-Miranda M, Gomez-Cedenilla A, León-Colombo T, Pajares J, Mate-Jimenez J. Effect of fiber supplements on internal bleeding hemorrhoids. Hepatogastroenterology. 1996;43(12):1504-1507. Kecmanović D, Pavlov M, Ceranić M, Sepetkovski A, Kovacevi P, Stamenković A. Acta Chir Iugosl. 2005;52(1):115-116. doi:10.2298/aci0501115k Moesgaard F, Nielsen ML, Hansen JB, Knudsen JT. High-fiber diet reduces bleeding and pain in patients with hemorrhoids: a double-blind trial of Vi-Siblin. Dis Colon Rectum. 1982;25(5):454-456. doi:10.1007/BF02553653 |
| 7 | Ulcerative colitis | Fernández-Bañares F, Hinojosa J, Sánchez-Lombraña JL, et al. Randomized clinical trial of Plantago ovata seeds (dietary fiber) as compared with mesalamine in maintaining remission in ulcerative colitis. Spanish Group for the Study of Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis (GETECCU). Am J Gastroenterol. 1999;94(2):427-433. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.1999.872_a.x |
| 8 | Colon cancer | Juarranz M, Calle-Purón ME, González-Navarro A, et al. Physical exercise, use of Plantago ovata and aspirin, and reduced risk of colon cancer. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2002;11(5):465-472. doi:10.1097/00008469-200210000-00009 Sohn VR, Giros A, Xicola RM, et al. Stool-fermented Plantago ovata husk induces apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells independently of molecular phenotype. Br J Nutr. 2012;107(11):1591-1602. doi:10.1017/S0007114511004910 Nordgaard I, Hove H, Clausen MR, Mortensen PB. Colonic production of butyrate in patients with previous colonic cancer during long-term treatment with dietary fiber (Plantago ovata seeds). Scand J Gastroenterol. 1996;31(10):1011-1020. doi:10.3109/00365529609003122 Rodríguez-Cabezas ME, Gálvez J, Lorente MD, et al. Dietary fiber down-regulates colonic tumor necrosis factor-alpha and nitric oxide production in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitic rats. J Nutr. 2002;132(11):3263-3271. doi:10.1093/jn/132.11.3263 |
| 9 | Hyperlipidemia | Vega-Lopez S, Vidal-Quintanar RL, Fernandez ML (2001) Sex and hormonal status influence plasma lipid responses to psyllium. Am J Clin Nutr 74:435–441 |
Marketed Products
| # | AVALAIBLE PRODUCTS | MANUFACTURERS AND SUPPLIERS | URL |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Biolax | Sekem | |
| 2 | Madaus Agiolax Granules | Madaus | Open Url |
| 3 | Herbal Bulk | Genestra brands | Open Url |
| 4 | Organic Psyllium Husks | Flora | Open Url |
| 5 | Healthy Colon Plus | Omega alpha | Open Url |
| 6 | Colon Plus Caps | Biotics research corporations | Open Url |
| 7 | Whole Psyllium Husks | NOW | Open Url |
| 8 | Boiron Plantago Major | Boiron | Open Url |
| 9 | Telephone Brand Psyllium Husk | The Sidhpur sat-isabgol factory | Open Url |
| 10 | Baidyanath Isabbael H Granules | Shree Baidyanath Ayurved bhawan Pvt.LTd. | Open Url |
Other Polyherbal Formulations
| # | POLYHERBAL FORMULATIONS | CITATIONS ON POLYHERBAL FORMULATIONS (PROPERTIES & ACTIVITIES) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kushta qalai( Mohd., Tariq; Khaleequr, Rahman; Chaudhary, Shahid Shah; Shaikh, Imtiyaz ,Formulation and characterization of a traditional Unani formulation: Kushta qalai,International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Volume5 Issue1 171-177, 7 pp. Journal; Online Computer File 2014 CODEN:IJPSTT ISSN:0975-8232 DOI:10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.5(1).171-77) | NA |
Market Overview
Global End Use Market
Dietary Supplements Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Animal Feed Cosmetics and Personal Care Industrial Purposes
Available Global Market
Today 80% psyllium exports are made out of India to the world market which is an industry of 25 million annually. Germany is the largest single importer of Psyllium seeds. Production of psyllium seeds mainly comes from Arab world, Afghanistan, Egypt, North India, Sindh, Baluchistan etc.
Global Manufacturer Extract
AEP Colloids (United States), Jyotindra International, Aatish Industries, Shree Balaji Sat Isabgol Factory, Oregon Wild Harvest, Almira Impex, Satnam Psyllium, Rajganga Agro Product P Ltd, Shubh Psyllium Industries, SHREE MAHALAXMI PSYLLIUM, Omex Overseas, e JYOT Overseas Pvt. Ltd., Gayatri Psyllium Industries, Psyllium Labs LLC, K V Agro Products Ltd., Shree Mahalaxmi Psyllium Pvt. Ltd., Shubh Psyllium Industries
Distribution in IORA Countries
Indonesia, Iran
Trade Data
Source Supply
Temperate region and Moist places
Trade Name
ISABGOL, ISABGOL DANA, ISABGOL - BHUSI, ISABGOL BHUSI
Annual Consumption (in MT)
--
Medicinal Plants Traders from India
| # | ADDRESSES OF MEDICINAL PLANTS TRADERS |
|---|---|
| 1 | Green Earth Products Pvt. Ltd W 105, Greater Kailash Part 1 Greater Kailash 1 New Delhi - 110048, India |
| 2 | Mahadev Enterprises Deepak Goyal No. 2084 A, Katra Tobacco, Khari Baoli Chandni Chowk Delhi - 110006, India |
| 3 | Shree Ambica Karshi Kendra Bhanwar Singh Seervi Bus Stand, Bilara Jodhpur - 342602, Rajasthan, India |
| 4 | ORGANIC PRODUCTS INDIA Lisa Patel Market Yard Gultekdi Pune - 411037, Maharashtra, India |
| 5 | Keyur Industries Manubhai Patel Gulab Park Green Park Society Sidhpur - 384151, Patan, Gujarat, India |
| 6 | Yash corporation A/48 Main Line Gunj Bazar, Unjha-384170, Gujarat, India. |
| 7 | Maati Tatva Agro Industries , 17/1, Kumawat Pura, Juni, New Palasia, Indore-452001, Madhya Pradesh, India |
| 8 | Jay Harbal, E97A,PHALODI, RICCO INDUSTRIAL AREA, JODHPUR, Jodhpur-342301, Rajasthan, India |
| 9 | Vraj Psyllium ,604, Vraj Valencia, Behind Mahindra Showroom, Sola Bridge, Sola, S. G. Highway, Near Cims Hospital, Ahmedabad-380060, Gujarat, India |
| 10 | R.R. Sales Corporation Vikas Singhal (Proprietor) R.R. Sales Corporation 293/8, 2nd Floor, Katra Peran, Tilak Bazar, KHARI BAOLI Delhi - 110006, India |
| 11 | Giriraj Enterprise ,150,HIGHWAY,NEAR MARUTI WEIGH BRIDGE,, Opposite Petrol Pump, Shambu Park Society, Unjha, Mehsana-384170, Gujarat, India |
| 12 | Bora Agro Foods ,565/6/7, Lane 5, Market Yard, Gultekdi, Pune-411037, Maharashtra, India |
| 13 | Mewar Impex , Sl 46, New Indra Nagar, Neemuch-458441, Madhya Pradesh, India |
| 14 | Nidhi Ayurvedic ,Plot No. 301/1, Solgala, The Kuberji Building, Kumbhariya, Surat-395003, Gujarat, India |
| 15 | Kanishka Impex , Shyam Hills, Near Sawan Bungalow Near GST Road, Opposite Digvijay Hanuman Mandir, New Ranip, Ahmedabad-382480, Gujarat, India |
| 16 | Ambuj Naturals, V. V. Giri Ward, Pachmarhi Road, Near Padamshree Tiraha, Pipariya, Hoshangabad-461775, Madhya Pradesh, India |
| 17 | Gugal Herbs India , 2103/4 Katra Tambaco, Opposite SBI Bank, Lahori Gate, Khari Baoli, Delhi-110006, India |
| 18 | Khandelwal Ayurved Bhawan Private Limited ,National Highway No. 12, Dhani Resort, Near Chokhi, Tonk Road, Jaipur-303905, Rajasthan, India |
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| 20 | PURGATIVE | JP2008120719 (A) | EPO | Details |
| 21 | LAXATIVE | JP2005272408 (A) | EPO | Details |