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Terminalia chebula Retz.
BOTANICAL DETAILS OF PLANT
Synonyms
Buceras chebula (Retz.) Lyons, Myrobalanus chebula (Retz.) Gaertn., Myrobalanus gangetica (Roxb.) Kostel., Terminalia acuta Walp., Terminalia chebula var. chebula, Terminalia gangetica Roxb., Terminalia parviflora Thwaites, Terminalia reticulata Roth
Kew Herbarium Links
Classification
Kingdom
Plantae
Subkingdom
Tracheobionta
Superdivision
Spermatophyta
Division
Magnoliophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Subclass
Rosidae
Order
Myrtales
Family
Combretaceae
Genus
Terminalia L.
Species
Terminalia chebula (Gaertn.) Retz. – myrobalan P
Plant Description
Medium-large sized deciduous trees can go up to 25 m tall, tree height more in the moist area in comparison to drier areas. spreading branches, bark greenish-brown, gray to grayish black, and longitudinally cracked with wooden flakes. Leaves alternate to subopposite, 8-14 x 3.75-10 cm, elliptic, acute to obtuse, glabrous on both sides, villous when young, becoming glabrescent; rounded or cordate or cuneate at base, usually unequal; petiole 1.-3.5 cm long, pubescent, usually with 2, (rarely more glands) on the submarginal side at the apex. Inflorescences- Spikes terminal or axillary, rarely panicled, 5-20 cm long with the hispid floral axis. Flowers bisexual, fragrant, yellowish; Calyx tube cup-shaped, 3-4 mm wide,1-2 mm long, glabrous on the outer side, pubescent inside, calyx teeth short, triangular, Corolla absent, Stamens 10, exserted, 3-4 mm long. Fruit- Drupe ellipsoid or obovoid, cylindrical-ovoid, 5-ribbed, 2-3.5 cm long, deeply wrinkled when dry, glabrous.
Habit/Life Form
Tree
DISTRIBUTION OF SPECIES IN INDIA
Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats, Deccan Plateau, Central India, Semi Arid Zone, Gangetic plain, Sub Himalayan tracks from Ravi river eastwards to West Bengal and Assam
AGROCLIMATIC CONDITIONS
| # | Soil and Climate | Temperature (°C) | Average Annual Rainfall (mm) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Soil-loam to lateritic soils with moderate fertility.Preferred loose well-drained soils. pH - 5.5 - 6.5. | 5 - 47 | 700-1700 |
Local Names
| # | Language Name | Local Name |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Assamese | Shilikha |
| 2 | Bengali | Haritaki |
| 3 | English | Chebulic myrobalan |
| 4 | Gujrati | Hardi, Harde |
| 5 | Hindi | Hara |
| 6 | Kannada | Alale |
| 7 | Konkani | Ordo, Hardi |
| 8 | Malayalam | Katukka |
| 9 | Manipuri | Manali |
| 10 | Marathi | Hirda |
| 11 | Oriya | Karadha |
| 12 | Persian | Halela |
| 13 | Sanskrit | Haritaki |
| 14 | Sindhi | Har |
International Local Names
| # | Country Name | Local Name |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bangladesh | Haritaki |
| 2 | Cambodia | Sa mao tchet; sramo |
| 3 | Germany | Myrobolanenbaum |
| 4 | India | Chetaki; divya; har; harra |
| 5 | Italy | Mirobolano |
| 6 | Laos | Som |
| 7 | Malaysia/Peninsular Malaysia | Manja lawai; manja patut; manja puteri |
| 8 | Sri Lanka | Avalu; kadukkei |
| 9 | Thailand | Manae; samo-thai |
| 10 | Vietnam | Lich; xanh |
| 11 | English | Beda nuts; bedda nuts; black myrobalan; chebulic myrabolan; chebulic myrobalan; ink nut; myrobalan |
| 12 | Spanish | Mirobolano |
| 13 | French | Myrobalan noir |
| 14 | Myanmar | Hpan-khar-thee, mai-mak-na, |
Plant Parts Used
Dried immature fruits, generally the fruit rind
System of Medicine
Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, Sowa-Rigpa, Amchi system of medicine, Traditional Chinese medicine, Traditional Thai Medicine, Traditional Bhutanese Medicine (gSo-BA Rig-PA), Myanmar Traditional Medicine, Traditional Vietnamese medicine (Y học Cổ truyền Việt Nam) and widely used by countries- the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, People’s Republic of Bangladesh, Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka.
Intended Use
Digestive diseases, urinary diseases, diabetes, skin diseases, heart diseases, irregular fevers, constipation, ulcers, vomiting, colic pain, and haemorrhoids.
Traditional Application
The fruit is a mild laxative, stomachic, tonic, alterative, and antispasmodic. It is useful in ophthalmia, hemorrhoids, dental caries, bleeding gums, and ulcered oral cavity. Its paste with water is found to be anti-inflammatory, and analgesic and has purifying and healing capacity for wounds. Its decoction is used as a gargle in oral ulcers, and sore throats. Its powder is a good astringent dentifrice in loose gums, bleeding, and ulceration in gums. It is good to increase appetite, digestive aid, liver stimulant, stomachic, gastrointestinal prokinetic agent, and mild laxative. The powder of T. chebula fruits has been used in chronic diarrhea. It is used for nervous weakness and nervous irritability. It promotes the receiving power of the five senses. It is adjuvant in hemorrhages due to its astringent nature. Good for chronic cough, chorizo, sore throat as well as asthma. Also, it is useful in renal calculi, dysuria, retention of urine, and skin disorders with discharges like allergies, urticaria, and other erythematous disorders. (A dictionary of Indian raw materials and industrial products. New Delhi: Publications and Information Directorate,
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research; 2002, p. 387.)
1) Didayi tribe of the Malkangiri district of Orissa uses fruit paste to cure cough. (Chiranjibi Pattanaik, C. Sudhakar Reddy, M.S.R. Murthy,
An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by the Didayi tribe of Malkangiri district of Orissa, India, Fitoterapia, Volume 79, Issue 1,2008, Pages 67-71, ISSN 0367-326X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2007.07.015. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0367326X0700202X)
2) Fruit powder is taken orally to reduce obesity and bestow bodily strength.
3) The tribes of the Himalayan region consume the fruit as a remedy for sore throat under the name of Khoki.
4) Paste of fresh fruit is applied externally overboils. Fresh fruit is crushed with the leaf of Aegle marmelos (Bel) and the paste is taken orally for blood dysentery. (2,3,4 -Phyto Pharmacology and Ethnomedical Approach of Terminalia chebula (Kadukkaai): A Review, available online at http://saspublisher.com/sajp/446Scholars Academic Journal of Pharmacy (SAJP) (Online)Sch. Acad. J. Pharm., 2017; 6(11): 446-453.
5) Terminalia chebula is mixed with sugar water in the treatment of opthalmia and skin infections.
6) Decoction of fruits is used for constipation and ulcer. Decoction of bark for edema. (Md. Khirul Islam, Sanjib Saha, Imran Mahmud, Khalit Mohamad, Khalijah Awang, Shaikh Jamal Uddin, Md. Mustafizur Rahman, Jamil A. Shilpi, An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by tribal and native people of Madhupur forest area, Bangladesh, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Volume 151, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 921-930, ISSN 0378-8741,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.056).
7) The powder is consumed orally to treat ulcers and applied topically for toothaches by the tribals of Western ghats (Muniappan Ayyanar, Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu, Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants commonly used by Kani tribals in Tirunelveli hills of Western Ghats, India, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Volume 134, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 851-864, ISSN 0378-8741, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2011.01.029. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378874111000432)
8) Consumed as a gargle in inflammation of the mucous membrane (DL Jain, AM Baheti, SR Jain & KR Khandelwal) Use of medicinal plants among tribes in Satpuda region of Dhule and Jalgaon districts of Maharashtra—An ethnobotanical survey, (Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge Vol. 9(1), January 2010, pp. 152-157).
9) Tribes of Tamilnadu use the herb for various diseases, fruit powder is mixed with water /cow's or goat's milk and taken internally for the treatment of cough, cols, stomachache, and fever. (Ignacimuthu, S., Ayyanar, M. & Sivaraman K, S. Ethnobotanical investigations among tribes in Madurai District of Tamil Nadu (India). J Ethnobiology Ethnomedicine 2, 25 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-2-25).
10) A mixture of Terminal chebula and Asparagus racemosus mixed with milk and consumed for cooling effects.
11) Roots of Neonotonia wightii and fruits of Terminalia chebula are grounded together and applied to the paste in tootache.
12) Soaked the fruits overnight and wash the eyes with filtrate early morning for clear eye vision.
13) Fruits grounded with the latex of Ficus racemosa and paste applied on joints for the effective traetment of rheumatiod arthritis. Dry fruit powder is used in stomachache and spleen disorders.
14) In Myanmar, terminalia chebula is used in many medical preparations at industry and folk levels, fruit powder dissolved in milk daily and consumed orally will promises longevity. Seed paste is applied over pimples. Leaf is used to cure eye problems, treatment of male and female disorders, and treat hemorrhoids.
15) Crushed bark is used as a poultice to prevent excessive bleeding. Plant juice of Momordica charantia L. and ground hpan-kar (Terminalia chebula) fruit is taken for jaundice and hepatitis. Take root paste of Senna alata, mixed it with boric acid powder and Terminalia chebula fruit powder, and applied externally to cure ringworm. (Robert A. DeFilipps, Gary A. Krupnic,The medicinal plants of Myanmar,PhytoKeys 102: 1–341 (2018) doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380)
Uses in IORA Countries
| # | Country Name | Uses |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | -- | -- |
Phytochemical Details
| # | Phytochemical Constituents | PUBCHEM CID | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Arjungenin | 12444386 | |
| 2 | Chebulagic acid | 250397 | |
| 3 | Punicalagin | 16129869 | |
| 4 | Chebulanin | 75034370 | |
| 5 | Chebulinic acid | 72284 | |
| 6 | Ethyl gallate | 13250 | |
| 7 | Terminolic acid | 12314613 | |
| 8 | Terchebulin | 16175789 | |
| 9 | Punicalagin | 16129869 | |
| 10 | Terchebin | 3084341 | |
| 11 | Terflavin A | 44584734 | |
| 12 | Casuarinin | 442673 | |
| 13 | Chebulic acid | 71308174 | |
| 14 | Gallic acid | 370 | |
| 15 | Digallic acid | 341 | |
| 16 | Ellagic acid | 5281855 |
Pharmacological Details
| # | PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIONS/THERAPEUTIC USES | REFERENCES |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Antibacterial activity | Mukesh N. Kher, Navin R. Sheth & Vaibhav D. Bhatt (2019) In Vitro Antibacterial Evaluation of Terminalia chebula as an Alternative of Antibiotics against Bovine Subclinical Mastitis, Animal Biotechnology, 30:2, 151-158, DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2018.1451752. Nayak SS, Ankola AV, Metgud SC, Bolmal UK,An in vitro study to determine the effect of Terminalia chebula extract and its formulation on Streptococcus mutans. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2014 May 1;15(3):278-82. Khan KH, Jain SK. Regular intake of Terminalia chebula can reduce the risk of getting typhoid fever. Adv Biotech 2009; 8(9): 10-15. Khan KH. The effect of regular intake of Terminalia chebula on oxidative stress in mice originated from Salmonella typhimurium. EurAsia J BioSci 2009; 3: 113-121. Malckzadeh F, Ehsanifar H, Shahamat N, Levin M, Colwell RR. Antibacterial activity of black myrobalan (Terminalia chebula Retz.) against Helicobactor pyroli. Int J Antimicrob Agent 2001; 18(1): 85-88. Kim HG, Cho JH, Jeong EY, Lim JH, Lee SH, Lee HS. Growth inhibitory activity of active component from Terminalia chebula fruits against intestinal bacteria. J Food Prot 2006; 69(9): 2205- 2209. Sato Y, Oketani H, Singyouchi K, Ohtsubo T, Kihara M, Shibata H, et al. Extraction and purification of effective antimicrobial constituents of Terminalia chebula Retz. against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Bull Pharm Bull 1997; 20(4): 401-404. Bonjar GH. Antibacterial screening of plants used in Iranian folkloric medicine. Fitoterapia 2004; 75(2): 231-235. Aneja KR, Joshi R. Evaluation of antimicrobial properties of fruit extracts of Terminalia chebula against dental caries pathogens. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2009; 2(3): 105-111. Kannan P, Ramadevi SR, Hopper W. Antibacterial activity of Terminalia chebula fruit extract. Afr J Microbiol Res 2009; 3(4):180-184. Rani P, Khullar N. Antimicrobial evaluation of some medicinal plants for their antienteric potential against multi-drug resistant Salmonella typhi. Phytother Res 2004; 18(8): 670-673. Agrawal A, Gupta A, Choudhary NK, Wadhwa S, Dav K, Goyal S, et al. Antibacterial activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Terminalia chebula Retz. on different Gram-positive and Gram-negative Bacteria. Int J Pharm Biol Arch 2010; 1(4): 485-488. Bag A, Bhattacharyya SK, Bharati P, Pal NK, Chattopadhyay RR. Antibacterial activity of Chebulic myrobalan (fruit of Terminalia chebula Retz.) extracts against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole-resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Afr J Plant Sci 2009; 3(2): 25-29. Bag A, Bhattacharyya SK, Chattopadhyay RR. The development of Terminalia chebula Retz. (Combretaceae) in clinical research. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2013;3(3):244–252. doi:10.1016/S2221-1691(13)60059-3 Bag A, Bhattacharyya SK, Pal NK, Chattopadhyay RR. Synergistic effect of Terminalia chebula against multidrug-resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Med Aromatic Plant Sci Biotech |
| 2 | Antioxidant activity | Chang CL, Lin CS. Development of antioxidant activity and pattern recognition of Terminalia chebula Retzius extracts and its fermented products. HungKuang J 2010; 61: 115-129. Naik GH, Priyadarsini KI, Naik DB, Gangabhagirathi R, Mohan H. Studies on the aqueous extract of Terminalia chebula as a potent antioxidant and a probable radioprotector. Phytomedicine 2004; 11(6): 530-538. Mahesh R, Bhuvana S, Begum VM. Effect of Terminalia chebula aqueous extract on oxidative stress and antioxidant status in the liver and kidney of young and aged rats. Cell Biochem Funct 2009; 27(6): 358-363. Hazra B, Sarkar R, Biswas S, Mandal N. Comparative study of the antioxidant and reactive oxygen species scavenging properties in the extracts of the fruits of Terminalia chebula, Terminalia belerica and Emblica officinalis. BMC Comp Alter Med 2010; 10: 20. Lee HS, Won NH, Kim KH, Lee H, Jun W, Lee KW. Antioxidant effects of aqueous extract of Terminalia chebula in vitvo and in vitro. Biol Pharm Bull 2005; 28(9): 1639-1644. Lee HS, Jung SH, Yun BS, Lee KW. Isolation of chebulic acid from Terminalia chebula Retz. and its antioxidant effect in isolated rat hepatocytes. Arch Toxicol 2007; 81(3): 211-218. Chen X, Sun F, Ma L, Wang J, Qin H, Du G. In vitro evaluation on the antioxidant capacity of triethylchebulate, an aglycone from Terminalia chebula Retz fruit. Indian J Pharmacol 2011; 43(3): 320-323 |
| 3 | Antifungal activity | Bag A, Bhattacharyya SK, Chattopadhyay RR. The development of Terminalia chebula Retz. (Combretaceae) in clinical research. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2013;3(3):244–252. doi:10.1016/S2221-1691(13)60059-3 Barazani VO, Sathiyomoorthy P, Shalev R, Vardy D, Golan GA. Screening of South-Indian medicinal plants for anti-fungal activity. Phyther Res 2003; 17(9): 1123-1125. Dutta BK, Rahman I, Das TK. Antifungal activity of Indian plant extracts. Mycoses 1998; 41(11-12): 535-536. Mehmood Z, Ahmad I, Mohammad F, Ahmad S. Indian medicinal plants: A potential source of anticandidal Drugs. Pharm Biol 1999; 37(3): 237-242. Bonjar GH. Inhibition of Clotrimazole-resistant Candida albicans by plants used in Iranian folkloric medicine. Fitoterapia 2004; 75(1): 74-76. |
| 4 | Cardioprotective activity | Suchalatha S, Shyamadevi CS. Protective effect of Terminalia chebula against experimental myocardial injury induced by isoproterenol. Indian J Exp Biol 2004; 42(2): 174-178. Reddy VRC. Cardioprotective activity of the fruit of Terminalia chebula. Fitoterapia 1990; 61: 517-525 |
| 5 | Wound healing activity | Li K, Diao Y, Zhang H, Wang S, Zhang Z, Yu B, et al. Tannin extracts from immature fruits of Terminalia chebula Fructus Retz. promote cutaneous wound healing in rats. BMC Comp Alter Med 2011; 11: 1-9 Pal singh, Manish & Sharma, C S. (2008). Wound healing activity of Terminalia Chebula in experimentally induced diabetic rats. Suguna, L., Singh, S., Sivakumar, P., Sampath, P. and Chandrakasan, G. (2002), Influence of Terminalia chebula on dermal wound healing in rats. Phytother. Res., 16: 227-231. doi:10.1002/ptr.827 Li, K., Diao, Y., Zhang, H. et al. Tannin extracts from immature fruits of Terminalia chebula Fructus Retz. promote cutaneous wound healing in rats. BMC Complement Altern Med 11, 86 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-11-86 |
| 6 | Anti-inflammatory activity | Bag A, Bhattacharyya SK, Chattopadhyay RR. The development of Terminalia chebula Retz. (Combretaceae) in clinical research. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2013;3(3):244–252. doi:10.1016/S2221-1691(13)60059-3 Moeslinger T, Friedl R, Volf I, Brunner M, Koller E, Spieckermann PG. Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthesis by the herbal preparation Padma 28 in the macrophage cell line. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2000; 78(11): 861-866. Nair V, Singh S, Gupta YK. The anti-arthritic and disease-modifying activity of Terminalia chebula Retz. in experimental models. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 62(12): 1801-1806. Pratibha N, Saxena VS, Amit A, D’Souza P, Bagchi M, Bagchi D. Anti-inflammatory activities of Aller-7, a novel polyherbal formulation for allergic rhinitis. Int J Tissue React 2004; 26(1-2): 43-51 |
| 7 | Antiviral activity activity | Jeong AHN, Kim CY, Lee JS, Kim TG, Kim SH, Lee CK, et al. Inhibition of HIV-1 integrase by galloyl glucose from Terminalia chebula and flavonol glycoside gallates from Euphorbia pekinensis. Planta Med 2002; 68: 457-459. Lee D, Boo K, Woo J, Duan F, Lee K, Kwon T, et al. Antibacterial and Anti-viral activities of extracts from Terminalia chebula barks. J Korean Soc Appl Biol Chem 2011; 54(2): 295-298. Badmaev V, Nowakowski M. Protection of epithelial cells against influenza A virus by plant-derived biological response modifier Ledretan-96. Phytother Res 2000; 44(4): 245-249. Gambari R, Lampronti L. Inhibition of immunodeficiency type-1 virus (HIV-1) life cycle by medicinal plant extracts and plant-derived compounds. Adv Phytomed 2006; 2: 299-311. Kurowa M, Nagasaka K, Hirabayashi T, Uyama S, Sato H, Kagiyama T, et al. Efficacy of traditional herbal medicines in combination with acyclovir against Herpes Simplex Virus-1 infection in vitro and in vitvo. Antiviral Res 1995; 27(1-2): 19-37. Yukawa TA, Kurokawa M, Sato S, Yoshida Y, Kageyamer S, Hasegawa T, et al. Prophylactic treatment of cytomagalovirus infection with traditional herbs. Antiviral Res 1996; 32(2): 63-70. Vermani K, Garg S. Herbal medicines for sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS. J Ethnopharmacol 2002; 80: 49-66 . Ma H, Zhao YD, Li K, Kang T. A new alternative to treat swine influenza A virus infection: Extracts from Terminalia chebula Retz. Afr J Microbiol Res 2010; 4(6): 497-499 |
| 8 | Anticarcinogenic activity | Saleem M. Hushum P. Harkonen K, Pihlaja. Inhibition of cancer cell growth by crude extract and phenolics of Terminalia chebula fruit. J Ethnopharmacol 2002; 81: 327-336. Reddy DB, Reddy TC, Jyotsna G, Sharan S, Priya N, Lakshmipathi V, et al. Chebulagic acid, a COX-LOX dual inhibitor isolated from the fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz., induces apoptosis in COLO-205 cell line. J Ethnopharmacol 2009; 124(3): 506-512 Ravi Shankara BE, Ramachandra YL, Rajan SS, et al. Evaluating the Anticancer Potential of Ethanolic Gall Extract of Terminalia chebula (Gaertn.) Retz. (Combretaceae). Pharmacognosy Res. 2016;8(3):209-212. doi:10.4103/0974-8490.182919 |
| 9 | Radioprotective activity | Naik GH, Priyadarsini KI, Naik DB, Gangabhagirathi R, Mohan H. Studies on the aqueous extract of Terminalia chebula as a potent antioxidant and a probable radioprotector. Phytomedicine 2004; 11(6): 530-538. Mahesh R, Bhuvana S, Begum VM. Effect of Terminalia chebula aqueous extract on oxidative stress and antioxidant status in the liver and kidney of young and aged rats. Cell Biochem Funct 2009; 27(6): 358-363. Hazra B, Sarkar R, Biswas S, Mandal N. Comparative study of the antioxidant and reactive oxygen species scavenging properties in the extracts of the fruits of Terminalia chebula, Terminalia belerica and Emblica officinalis. BMC Comp Alter Med 2010; 10: 20. Lee HS, Won NH, Kim KH, Lee H, Jun W, Lee KW. Antioxidant effects of aqueous extract of Terminalia chebula in vitvo and in vitro. Biol Pharm Bull 2005; 28(9): 1639-1644. Lee HS, Jung SH, Yun BS, Lee KW. Isolation of chebulic acid from Terminalia chebula Retz. and its antioxidant effect in isolated rat hepatocytes. Arch Toxicol 2007; 81(3): 211-218. Chen X, Sun F, Ma L, Wang J, Qin H, Du G. In vitro evaluation on the antioxidant capacity of triethylchebulate, an aglycone from Terminalia chebula Retz fruit. Indian J Pharmacol 2011; 43(3): 320-323. Saleem M. Hushum P. Harkonen K, Pihlaja. Inhibition of cancer cell growth by crude extract and phenolics of Terminalia chebula fruit. J Ethnopharmacol 2002; 81: 327-336. Reddy DB, Reddy TC, Jyotsna G, Sharan S, Priya N, Lakshmipathi V, et al. Chebulagic acid, a COX-LOX dual inhibitor isolated from the fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz., induces apoptosis in COLO-205 cell line. J Ethnopharmacol 2009; 124(3): 506-512. Grover IS, Bala S. Antimutagenic activity of Terminalia chebula (myroblan) in Salmonella typhimurium. Indian J Exp Biol 1992; 30(4): 339-341. Gandhi NM, Nayar CKK. Radiation protection by Terminalia chebula some mechanistic aspects. Mol Cell Biochem 2005; 277(1-2): 43-48. |
| 10 | Hepatoprotective activity | Lee HS, Jung SH, Yun BS, Lee KW. Isolation of chebulic acid from Terminalia chebula Retz. and its antioxidant effect in isolated rat hepatocytes. Arch Toxicol 2007; 31(3): 211-218. Tasduq SS, Singh AK, Salti NK, Gupta DK, Suri K. Terminalia chebula fruits prevent liver toxicity caused by sub-chronic adminstration of refampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide (PZA) in combination. Hum Exp Toxicol 2006; 25(3): 11-18. Tasaduq SA, Singh K, Sethi S, Sharma SC, Bedi KL, Singh J, et al. Hepatocurative and antioxidant profile of HP-1, a polyherbal phytomedicine. Hum Exp Toxicol 2003; 22(12): 639-645. Bag A, Bhattacharyya SK, Chattopadhyay RR. The development of Terminalia chebula Retz. (Combretaceae) in clinical research. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2013;3(3):244–252. doi:10.1016/S2221-1691(13)60059-3 Choi, M. K., Kim, H. G., Han, J. M., Lee, J. S., Lee, J. S., Chung, S. H., & Son, C. G. (2015). Hepatoprotective effect of Terminalia chebula against t-BHP-induced acute liver injury in C57/BL6 mice. Evidence- Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2015, 1–11. https:// doi.org/10.1155/2015/517350 Lee, H.-S., Jung, S.-H., Yun, B.-S., & Lee, K.-W. (2007). Isolation of chebulic acid from Terminalia chebula Retz. and its antioxidant effect in isolated rat hepatocytes. Archives of Toxicology, 81, 211–218. Nishanth, R. P., Prasad, T., Jyotsna, R. G., Reddy, P. K., & Reddanna, P. (2014). Hepatoprotective effects of Terminalia chebula fruit extract against 2-AAF-induced hepatic damage in albino mice: Role of MDR1 and COX-2. Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants, 20, 402–420. https://doi.org/10.1080/10496475.2014.882283 |
| 11 | Antifilarial activity | Behera DR, Bhatnagar S. Assessment of macrofilaricidal activity of leaf extracts of Terminalia sp. against bovine filarial parasite Setaria cervi. J Infect Public Health. 2018;11(5):643-647. doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2018.01.006 Roy P, Saha SK, Gayen P, Chowdhury P, Sinha Babu SP. Exploration of antifilarial activity of gold nanoparticle against human and bovine filarial parasites: A nanomedicinal mechanistic approach. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2018;161:236-243. doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.10.057 |
| 12 | Antidiabetic activity | Bag A, Bhattacharyya SK, Chattopadhyay RR. The development of Terminalia chebula Retz. (Combretaceae) in clinical research. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2013;3(3):244–252. doi:10.1016/S2221-1691(13)60059-3 Kannan VR, Rajasekar GS, Rajesh P, Balasubramanian V, Ramesh N, Solomon EK, et al. Anti-diabetic activity on ethanolic extracts of fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz. Alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Am J Drug Discov Dev 2012; 2: 135-142. Senthilkumar GP, Subramanian SP. Biochemical studies on the effect of Terminalia chebula on the levels of glycoproteins in streptozotocin-induced experimental diabetes in rats. J Appl Biomed 2008; 6: 105-115 Sotoudeh R, Hadjzadeh MA, Gholamnezhad Z, Aghaei A. The anti-diabetic and antioxidant effects of a combination of Commiphora mukul, Commiphora myrrha, and Terminalia chebula in diabetic rats. Avicenna J Phytomed. 2019;9(5):454-464. Nalamolu KR, Nammi S. Antidiabetic and renoprotective effects of the chloroform extract of Terminalia chebula Retz. seeds in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2006;6:17. Published 2006 May 7. doi:10.1186/1472-6882-6-17 Lee DY, Kim HW, Yang H, Sung SH. Hydrolyzable tannins from the fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz and their α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Phytochemistry. 2017;137:109-116. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.02.006 Shyni GL, Kavitha S, Indu S, et al. Chebulagic acid from Terminalia chebula enhances insulin-mediated glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via PPARγ signaling pathway. Biofactors. 2014;40(6):646-657. doi:10.1002/biof.1193 Huang YN, Zhao DD, Gao B, et al. Anti-hyperglycemic effect of chebulagic acid from the fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz. Int J Mol Sci. 2012;13(5):6320-6333. doi:10.3390/ijms13056320 Murali YK, Anand P, Tandon V, Singh R, Chandra R, Murthy PS. Long-term effects of Terminalia chebula Retz. on hyperglycemia and associated hyperlipidemia, tissue glycogen content, and in vitro release of insulin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2007;115(10):641-646. doi:10.1055/s-2007-982500 |
| 13 | Anti Herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) activity | Kesharwani A, Polachira SK, Nair R, Agarwal A, Mishra NN, Gupta SK. Anti-HSV-2 activity of Terminalia chebula Retz extract and its constituents, chebulagic and chebulinic acids. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2017;17(1):110. Published 2017 Feb 14. doi:10.1186/s12906-017-1620-8 |
| 14 | Antitussive activity | Meher A. ANTITUSSIVE EVALUATION OF FORMULATED POLYHERBAL COUGH SYRUP. JDDT [Internet]. 15Sep.2012 [cited 22Jun.2020];2(5). Available from: http://www.jddtonline.info/index.php/jddt/article/view/238 Gabriela Nosalova, Ludovit Jurecek, Udipta Ranjan Chatterjee, Sujay Kumar Majee, Slavomir Nosal, and Bimalendu Ray, Antitussive Activity of the Water-Extracted Carbohydrate Polymer from Terminalia chebula on Citric Acid-Induced Cough, Volume 2013 |Article ID 650134 | 7 pages | https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/650134 Ul Haq R, Wahab A, Ayub K, et al. Antitussive Efficacy and Safety Profile of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Terminalia chebula. ISRN Pharmacol. 2013;2013:256934. Published 2013 Aug 19. doi:10.1155/2013/256934 Rizwan ul Haq , Abdul Wahab, Khurshed Ayub, Khalid Mehmood , M. Azhar Sherkheli, Rafeeq Alam Khan, and Mohsin Raza,Antitussive Efficacy and Safety Profile of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Terminalia chebula, Volume 2013 |Article ID 256934 | 7 pages | https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/256934 |
| 15 | Anti-Lipoxygenase activity | Eshwarappa RS, Ramachandra YL, Subaramaihha SR, Subbaiah SG, Austin RS, Dhananjaya BL. Anti-Lipoxygenase Activity of Leaf Gall Extracts of Terminalia chebula (Gaertn.) Retz. (Combretaceae). Pharmacognosy Res. 2016;8(1):78-82. doi:10.4103/0974-8490.171103 Tanaka, M.; Kishimoto, Y.; Saita, E.; Suzuki-Sugihara, N.; Kamiya, T.; Taguchi, C.; Iida, K.; Kondo, K. Terminalia bellirica Extract Inhibits Low-Density Lipoprotein Oxidation and Macrophage Inflammatory Response in Vitro. Antioxidants 2016, 5, 20 |
| 16 | Anaphylaxis/Allergic rhinitis | Eshwarappa RS, Ramachandra YL, Subaramaihha SR, Subbaiah SG, Austin RS, Dhananjaya BL. Anti-Lipoxygenase Activity of Leaf Gall Extracts of Terminalia chebula (Gaertn.) Retz. (Combretaceae). Pharmacognosy Res. 2016;8(1):78-82. doi:10.4103/0974-8490.171103 Tanaka, M.; Kishimoto, Y.; Saita, E.; Suzuki-Sugihara, N.; Kamiya, T.; Taguchi, C.; Iida, K.; Kondo, K. Terminalia bellirica Extract Inhibits Low-Density Lipoprotein Oxidation and Macrophage Inflammatory Response in Vitro. Antioxidants 2016, 5, 20 |
| 17 | Anaphylaxis/Allergic rhinitis | T.Y Shin, H.J Jeong, D.K Kim, S.H Kim, J.K Lee, D.K Kim, B.S Chae, J.H Kim, H.W Kang, C.M Lee, K.C Lee, S.T Park, E.J Lee, J.P Lim, H.M Kim, Y.M Lee, Inhibitory action of the water-soluble fraction of Terminalia chebula on systemic and local anaphylaxis, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Volume 74, Issue 2, 2001, Pages 133-140, ISSN 0378-8741, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00360-3. Amit A, Joshua AJ, Bagchi M, Bagchi D. Safety of a Novel Botanical Extract Formula for Ameliorating Allergic rhinitis. Part II. Toxicol Mech Methods. 2005;15(3):193-204. doi:10.1080/15376520590945612 Amit A, Saxena VS, Pratibha N, Bagchi M, Bagchi D, Stohs SJ. Safety of a novel botanical extract formula for ameliorating allergic rhinitis. Toxicol Mech Methods. 2003;13(4):253-261. doi:10.1080/713857188 |
| 18 | Anticaries activity | Aneja KR, Joshi R. Evaluation of antimicrobial properties of fruit extracts of Terminalia chebula against dental caries pathogens. Jundishapur J Microbiol. 2009;2(3):105–111. Carounanidy U, Satyanarayanan R, Velmurugan A. Use of an aqueous extract of Terminalia chebula as an anticaries agent: a clinical study. Indian J Dent Res. 2007;18(4):152–156. Lee J, Nho YH, Yun SK, Hwang YS. Use of ethanol extracts of Terminalia chebula to prevent periodontal disease induced by dental plaque bacteria. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2017;17(1):113. Published 2017 Feb 16. doi:10.1186/s12906-017-1619-1 |
| 19 | Cytoprotective activity | Na M, Bae M, Keng SS, Min BS, Yoo JK, Kamiryo Y, et al. et al. Cytoprotective effect on oxidative stress and inhibitory effect on cellular aging of Terminalia chebula fruit. Phytother Res. 2004;18(9):737–741 Chang CL, Lin CS, Lai GH, Chen YH, Tuan WC, Hsu CM. Influence of Terminalia chebula extracts on the effect of PC12 cell growth. J Trad Med. 2010;21(1):23–30 Lee HS, Koo YC, Suh HJ, Kim KY, Lee KW. Preventive effects of chebulic acid isolated from Terminalia chebula on advanced glycation endproduct-induced endothelial cell dysfunction. J Ethnopharmacol. 2010;131(3):567–574. |
| 20 | Adaptogenic and antianaphylactic activities | Shin TY, Jeong HG, kim DK, Kim SH, Lee JK, Chae BS, et al. et al. Inhibitory action of water soluble fraction of Terminalia chebula on systematic and local anaphylaxis. J Ethnopharmacol. 2001;74:133–140. Rege NN, Thatte UM, Dahanukar SA. Adaptogenic properties of six Rasayana herbs used in Ayurvedic medicines. Phytother Res. 1999;13:275–291. |
| 21 | Antispasmodic activity | Seyyed AM, Ali V, Mohammad KGN, Peyman M. Spasmogenic activity of the seed of Terminalia chebula Retz in rat small intestine: In vitvo and in vitro studies. Malays J Med Sci. 2011;18(3):18–26 Tamhane MD, Thorat SP, Rege NN, Dahanukar SA. Effect of oral administration of Terminalia chebula on gastric emptying: an experimental study. J Postgrad Med. 1997;43(1):12-13. Amit A, Saxena VS, Pratibha N, et al. Mast cell stabilization, lipoxygenase inhibition, hyaluronidase inhibition, antihistaminic and antispasmodic activities of Aller-7, a novel botanical formulation for allergic rhinitis. Drugs Exp Clin Res. 2003;29(3):107-115. |
| 22 | HIV infection | Mishra NN, Kesharwani A, Agarwal A, Polachira SK, Nair R, Gupta SK. Herbal Gel Formulation Developed for Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 Activity Also Inhibits In Vitro HSV-2 Infection. Viruses. 2018;10(11):580. Published 2018 Oct 24. doi:10.3390/v10110580 Ahn MJ, Kim CY, Lee JS, et al. Inhibition of HIV-1 integrase by galloyl glucoses from Terminalia chebula and flavonol glycoside gallates from Euphorbia pekinensis. Planta Med. 2002;68(5):457-459. doi:10.1055/s-2002-32070 |
| 23 | Neuroprotective effects | Shen YC, Juan CW, Lin CS, Chen CC, Chang CL. NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF TERMINALIA CHEBULA EXTRACTS AND ELLAGIC ACID IN PC12 CELLS. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2017;14(4):22-30. Published 2017 Jun 5. doi:10.21010/at cam.v14i4.3 Liu QS, Zhang WW, Yin XY, Li X. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2016;41(10):1910-1915. doi:10.4268/cjcmm20161025 Park JH, Joo HS, Yoo KY, et al. Extract from Terminalia chebula seeds protect against experimental ischemic neuronal damage via maintaining SODs and BDNF levels. Neurochem Res. 2011;36(11):2043-2050. doi:10.1007/s11064-011-0528-9 Chang CL, Lin CS. Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity, and Neuroprotective Effect of Terminalia chebula Retzius Extracts. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:125247. doi:10.1155/2012/125247 Kim HJ, Kim J, Kang KS, Lee KT, Yang HO. Neuroprotective Effect of Chebulagic Acid via Autophagy Induction in SH-SY5Y Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul). 2014;22(4):275-281. doi:10.4062/biomolther.2014.068 |
| 24 | Anticonvulsant Activity | Kumar R, Arora R, Agarwal A, Gupta YK. Protective effect of Terminalia chebula against seizures, seizure-induced cognitive impairment and oxidative stress in experimental models of seizures in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2018;215:124-131. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2017.12.008 Dhar A, Maurya SK, Mishra A, Singh GK, Singh MK, Seth A. Preliminary Screening of a Classical Ayurvedic Formulation for Anticonvulsant Activity. Anc Sci Life. 2016;36(1):28-34. doi:10.4103/0257-7941.195410 Debnath, J., Sharma, U. R., Kumar, B., & Chauhan, N. S. (2010). Anticonvulsant activity of ethanolic extract of fruits of Terminalia chebula on experimental animals. International Journal of Drug Development and Research, 2, 764–768. |
| 25 | Hypolipidemic activity | Reddy MM, Dhas Devavaram J, Dhas J, Adeghate E, Starling Emerald B. Anti-hyperlipidemic effect of methanol bark extract of Terminalia chebula in male albino Wistar rats. Pharm Biol. 2015;53(8):1133-1140. doi:10.3109/13880209.2014.962058 Shaila HP, Udupa SL, Udupa AL. Hypolipidemic activity of three indigenous drugs in experimentally induced atherosclerosis. Int J Cardiol. 1998;67(2):119-124. doi:10.1016/s0167-5273(98)00281-2 |
| 26 | Antidiarrhoeal | Sheng Z, Yan X, Zhang R, et al. Assessment of the antidiarrhoeal properties of the aqueous extract and its soluble fractions of Chebulae Fructus (Terminalia chebula fruits). Pharm Biol. 2016;54(9):1847-1856. doi:10.3109/13880209.2015.1131993 |
Marketed Products
| # | AVALAIBLE PRODUCTS | MANUFACTURERS AND SUPPLIERS | URL |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Himalaya Wellness Pure Herbs Triphala Bowel Wellness | Himalaya | |
| 2 | Patanjali Haritaki Churna | Divya Pharmacy | |
| 3 | Kerala Ayurveda Khadirarishtam | KERALA ayurveda Ltd. | |
| 4 | Just Jaivik Organic Haritaki (Terminalia Chebula) Tablets As Dietary Supplements | Just Jaivik | |
| 5 | Zandu Haritaki Tablet | Zandu | |
| 6 | Himalaya Geriforte Tablets | The Himalaya Drug Company | |
| 7 | HerbalTerra Haritaki, Giant Crepe-Myrtle (Terminalia Chebula) Dried Fruit Alcohol-Free Liquid Extra | Herbal Terra LLC | |
| 8 | Planet Ayurvda Triphala Guggul - Herbal Tablets | Planet Ayurveda | |
| 9 | Baba Ramdev- Divya Triphala Guggul - 80 Tablets by DivyaOM | Divya Yoga Mandir Trust | |
| 10 | Triphala Capsules (Non-GMO) | Toniiq | |
| 11 | Haritaki Ghana 60 Tablets, Terminalia Chebula Ghana Satva | Chaitanaya | |
| 12 | Sri Sri Tattva Haritaki | Srideva Sattva Ltd. | |
| 13 | DR WAKDE’S Haritaki Capsules | DR WAKDE’S Natural Health Care, London | |
| 14 | AyuFlex Vegan Joint Support Supplement 60 Capsules | Health Logics | |
| 15 | SBL Terminalia Chebula Mother Tincture Q | SBL Pvt Ltd | |
| 16 | Kerala Ayurveda Pilogest Capsule | Kerala Ayurveda Limited | |
| 17 | Dabur Hepano Tablet | Dabur India Ltd | |
| 18 | Charak Cytozen Capsule | Charak Pharma Pvt Ltd | |
| 19 | Lee Triphala Capsule | Leeford Healthcare Ltd | |
| 20 | Himalaya Mentat DS Syrup | The Himalaya Drug Company | |
| 21 | Himalaya Koflet Syrup | The Himalaya Drug Company | |
| 22 | Dabur Lauhasava | Dabur India Ltd | |
| 23 | Himalaya Neem and Pomegranate Toothpaste, Natural | Himalaya Herbal Healthcare | |
| 24 | Swanson Triphala Cleanse Detox | Swanson | |
| 25 | Triphlax-750 | AOR INC. | Open Url |
| 26 | Triphala Digestive Tonic | Paavani Ayurveda | Open Url |
| 27 | ThyroCare | Restorative Formulations | Open Url |
| 28 | G.I. Fortify | Pure Encapsulations | Open Url |
| 29 | Triphala | St. Francis Herb Farm | Open Url |
Traditional Indian Medicinal Formulations
Other Polyherbal Formulations
| # | POLYHERBAL FORMULATIONS | CITATIONS ON POLYHERBAL FORMULATIONS (PROPERTIES & ACTIVITIES) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kapa Sura Kudineer (Thillaivanan. S, Parthiban. P, Kanakavalli. K, Sathiyarajeshwaran. P, A Review on “Kapa Sura Kudineer”-A Siddha Formulary Prediction for Swine Flu, International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research 2015; 7(5): 376-383) | Choudhari, Amol B.; Rangari, Vinod D.; Darvekar, Vaibhav M. ,Formulation development for treatment and management of HIV-AIDS,International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Volume3, Issue1, Pages105-108, Journal; Online Computer File, 2011, CODEN:IJPPKB, ISSN:0975-1491 |
| 2 | Kulkarni, Minaj; Vedpathak, S. M,A conceptual study of haritakyadi ghrita (Terminalia chebula formulation) in geriatrics having Vataj Hridroga (heart disease),World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research Volume7 Issue8Spec.Iss. Pages1-5 Journal; Online Computer File 2018 CODEN:WJPRAP ISSN:2277-7105 DOI:10.20959/wjpr20188-11846 | Chayarop K, Peungvicha P, Temsiririrkkul R, Wongkrajang Y, Chuakul W, Rojsanga P. Hypoglycaemic activity of Mathurameha, a Thai traditional herbal formula aqueous extract, and its effect on biochemical profiles of streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2017;17(1):343. Published 2017 Jun 29. doi:10.1186/s12906-017-1851-8 |
| 3 | Panchasakara churna ( Sonone, Rajni Haridas, Formulation and standardization of Panchasakara churna to recovery of digestive balance, World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Volume 4, Issue 5, Pages1548-1554, Journal; Online Computer File 2015 CODEN:WJPPAJ ISSN:2278-4357) | Bhramaramba, R.; Babu, I. Sudheer; Deepthi, Ch. Divya Naga, Formulation and evaluation of herbal gel containing Terminalia chebula Retz., leaves extract,Scholars Academic Journal of Pharmacy, Volume 4, Issue 3, Pages172-176, Journal; Online Computer File 2015, CODEN:SAJPBJ, ISSN:2320-4206 |
| 4 | Darvyadi loha churna (Kumar, Visal S.; Puranik, Prathviraj; Jartarghar, Nagaratna S, Preparation of darvyadi loha churna: An ayurvedic formulation for iron deficiency anemia, Pharma Innovation, Volume 8, Issue10-B, Pages 64-69, Journal; Online Computer File 2019, CODEN:PIHNBQ ISSN:2277-7695) | Pratibha N, Saxena V S, Amit A, D'Souza P, Bagchi M, Bagchi D. Anti-inflammatory activities of Aller-7, a novel polyherbal formulation for allergic rhinitis. Int J Tissue React. 2004;26(1-2):43-51. |
| 5 | Abhayadi vati (Raman, Sandeep; Thakar, A. B.; Pandya, D. H.; Harisha, C. R.; Shukla, V. J.A pharmacognostical and physico-chemical analysis of Abhayadi vati: an ayurvedic polyherbal formulation, World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, Volume 8, Issue12, Pages 830-836, Journal; Online Computer File 2019, CODEN:WJPRAP ISSN:2277-7105, DOI:10.20959/wjpr201912-15984) | Wannasiri S, Jaijoy K, Chiranthanut N, Soonthornchareonnon N, Sireeratawong S. Effect of Tri-sa-maw recipe on gastrointestinal regulation and motility. . J Med Assoc Thai. 2015;98 Suppl 2:S1-S7. |
| 6 | Pathyashadangam kwath. (Abraham, Aji; Mathew, Lizzy; Samuel, Sarala, HPLC analysis of Pathyashadangam kwath, a classical Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation, Materials Today: Proceedings, Volume 25, Issue Part_2, Pages 115-121, Journal; Online Computer File 2020, CODEN:MTPAC4, ISSN:2214-7853, DOI:10.1016/j.matpr.2019.12.165) |
Market Overview
Global End Use Market
Pharmaceuticals, Dietary supplements
Available Global Market
North America, United States, Canada, Mexico, Asia-Pacific, China, India, Australia, Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, Europe, Germany, France, UK, Brazil, Middle East & Africa, Turkey, Egypt, South Africa
Global Manufacturer Extract
Arizona Natural Products (USA), ARKOPHARMA Laboratories Company Limited (France), Bio-Botanica, Inc. (USA) Bionorica SE (Germany), Blackmores Ltd. (Australia), Gaia Herbs, LLC (USA), Glanbia plc (Ireland), Herb Pharm, LLC (USA) Herbalife International of America, Inc. (USA) Hevert Arzneimittel GmbH & Co KG (Germany), Himalaya Drug Company (India), i-Health, Inc. (USA) Indfrag Ltd. (India), Jemo-pharm A/S (Denmark), Natures Aid Ltd. (UK), Nature’s Answer (USA), Nature’s Bounty, Inc. (USA), Solgar Inc. (USA), Sundown Naturals (USA), NaturaLife Asia Co., Ltd. (South Korea), Nature’s Sunshine Products, Inc. (USA), Nature’s Way Products, Inc. (USA), New Chapter, Inc. (USA), Nutraceutical International Corporation (USA), Pharma Nord ApS (Denmark), Pharmavite LLC (USA), Potter’s Herbals (UK)
Distribution in IORA Countries
Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand.
Trade Data
Source Supply
Dry and Moist Deciduous Forests of tropical and subtropical zones. Sub-Himalayan tract
Trade Name
ALALE KAYI SIPPE KABOOLI, HARAD, KADUKKAI, HARDA, Chebulic myrobalan
Annual Consumption (in MT)
16820
Medicinal Plants Traders from India
| # | ADDRESSES OF MEDICINAL PLANTS TRADERS |
|---|---|
| 1 | The Herbs N Spices, 9B, Industrial Estate, Neemuch - 458441, Madhya Pradesh, India |
| 2 | Kesco Organics Exports, Kesco Moringa Estate, 7/76, Mettukatur, Esanatham, PO Aravakurichi Taluka, Karur District,Peelamedu, Coimbatore- 639203, Tamil Nadu, India |
| 3 | Navchetana Kendra, E-138/A, Shastri Nagar, Delhi - 110052, India |
| 4 | Shree Ram Overseas Property No. 2205, Shop No. 1, Gali Hinga Beg, Khari Baoli, North Delhi, Tilak Bazar, Old Delhi, Delhi-110006, India |
| 5 | Apex International, No. 2-C, Tilak Bhawan Ashok Nagar, Jaipur- 302005, Rajasthan, India |
| 6 | Bhagvati Herbal And Healthcare Private LimitedPlot No. 785/4, 40 Shed Area, GIDC, GIDC,Vapi-396195, Gujarat, India |
| 7 | Kshipra Biotech Private Limited221, 2nd Floor, Phadnis Complex, Near Kothari Market, Jail Road Square, Indore-452007, Madhya Pradesh, India |
| 8 | Shri Chandra Enterprises, Behind Anand Cinema, OPP. LUCKY BAL NIKETAN SCHOOL Sojati Gate, Jodhpur- 342001, Rajasthan, India |
| 9 | SV Agrofood, Gala No.16, Gami Industrial Park, 3Rd Floor, Bldg. – A, Plot No. C-39A, Ttc Industrial Area, Pawne Midc, Mumbai 400705 |
| 10 | Blue Green Exports, Vilankurichi Post Coimbatore 641065, Tamil Nadu, India |
| 11 | Spectrum International, 8, Dhirwani Bhuvan 7, Keshavji Naik Road, Chinch Bunder, Mumbai,India |
PATENTS
| # | PATENT TITLE | PATENT/APPLICATION NO. | PATENT OFFICE | SOURCE |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Plant extracts having anticoccidial activity | US20160015765A1 | USPTO | Details |
| 2 | Herbal formulation for wound healing | EP2112929A1 | EPO | Details |
| 3 | Herbal dental care composition, method of manufacturing the same and use thereof | 12/139,262 | USPTO | Details |
| 4 | Anti-arthritic herbal composition and method thereof | US7658957B2 | USPTO | Details |
| 5 | Herbal composition having antiallergic properties and a process for the preparation thereof | US6730332B2 | USPTO | Details |
| 6 | Herbal composition and method of manufacturing such composition for the management of gynecological disorders | US20010055625A1 | USPTO | Details |
| 7 | Hepatoprotective compositions and composition for treatment of conditions related to hepatitis B and E infection | US6136316A | USPTO | Details |
| 8 | Ayurvedic composition for the prophylaxis and treatment of AIDS, flu, TB and other immuno-deficiencies and the process for preparing the same | US5529778A | USPTO | Details |
| 9 | SYNERGISTIC DIETARY SUPPLEMENT COMPOSITIONS FOR IMPROVING BRAIN HEALTH | EP3538121 (A1) | EPO | Details |
| 10 | Composition for the prevention and improvement of Periodontal Disease | KR20190080504 (A) | EPO | Details |
| 11 | Granules for treating fever in children and gastrointestinal infection and application of granules | CN109893631 (A) | EPO | Details |
| 12 | Traditional Chinese medicine preparation for treating asthma | CN109820964 (A) | EPO | Details |
| 13 | Traditional Chinese medicine granule for treating psoriasis and preparation method thereof | CN109700868 (A) | EPO | Details |
| 14 | Medicine for treating allergic rhinitis | CN105106590 (A) | EPO | Details |
Adulterant/Substitute
Fruits of Terminalia citrina Roxb. ex Flem. resemble with T. chebula and are often sold in market with the name- chebulic myrobalan.
CULTIVARS AND VARIETIES
In Hooker's flora of British India, seven varieties of T.chebula are classified; i)Terminalia chebula Retz.(variety chebula proper) ii) Terminalia chebula (var. typica) iii)Terminalia chebula (Var. citrina) iv)Terminalia chebula (Var.) v)Terminalia chebula (Var. tomentella Kurz.) vi)Terminalia chebula (Var. gangetica Roxb) vii)Terminalia chebula (Var. parviflora Thwaitos Enum.) (In general,only two varieties are found and the others are their sub-varieties, namely, Terminalia chebula var. chebula, the leaves and shoots are hairless or only hairy when very young), and in Terminalia chebula var. tomentella (Kurz) C.B.Clarke, the leaves and shoots are silvery to orange and hairy.