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Cichorium intybus

BOTANICAL DETAILS OF PLANT

Synonyms

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Classification

Kingdom

Plantae

Subkingdom

Superdivision

--

Division

Streptophyta

Class

Equisetopsida

Subclass

Magnoliidae

Order

Asterales

Family

Asteraceae

Genus

Cichorium

Species

Cichorium intybus

Plant Description

-

Habit/Life Form

--

DISTRIBUTION OF SPECIES IN INDIA

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Plant Parts Used

-

System of Medicine

-

Intended Use

-

Traditional Application


Phytochemical Details

# Phytochemical Constituents PUBCHEM CID References
1 Lactucin 442266 Street, Renée A., Jasmeen Sidana, and Gerhard Prinsloo.
2 Lactucopicrin 174880 Street, Renée A., Jasmeen Sidana, and Gerhard Prinsloo.
3 8-Deoxylactucin 442196 Street, Renée A., Jasmeen Sidana, and Gerhard Prinsloo.
4 Jacquilenin 14163574 Street, Renée A., Jasmeen Sidana, and Gerhard Prinsloo.
5 11beta,13-Dihydrolactucin 9970764 Street, Renée A., Jasmeen Sidana, and Gerhard Prinsloo.
6 Crepidiaside B 101683332 Street, Renée A., Jasmeen Sidana, and Gerhard Prinsloo. "Cichorium intybus: Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology, Hindawi Publishing Corporation Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2013, Article ID 579319, 13 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/579319
7 Glucopyranoside 5793 Street, Renée A., Jasmeen Sidana, and Gerhard Prinsloo.
8 Magnolialide 636954 Street, Renée A., Jasmeen Sidana, and Gerhard Prinsloo.
9 ikarisoside D 44258796 Street, Renée A., Jasmeen Sidana, and Gerhard Prinsloo.
10 Loliolide 100332 Street, Renée A., Jasmeen Sidana, and Gerhard Prinsloo. "Cichorium intybus: Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology, Hindawi Publishing Corporation Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2013, Article ID 579319, 13 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/579319
11 Cichorioside B 101701639 Street, Renée A., Jasmeen Sidana, and Gerhard Prinsloo.
12 Sonacide 3485 Street, Renée A., Jasmeen Sidana, and Gerhard Prinsloo.
13 Artesin 68827 Street, Renée A., Jasmeen Sidana, and Gerhard Prinsloo.
14 Cichoriolide 14138125 Street, Renée A., Jasmeen Sidana, and Gerhard Prinsloo.
15 Cichorioside 442101 Street, Renée A., Jasmeen Sidana, and Gerhard Prinsloo.
16 Sonchuside C 13855746 Street, Renée A., Jasmeen Sidana, and Gerhard Prinsloo. "Cichorium intybus: Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology, Hindawi Publishing Corporation Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2013, Article ID 579319, 13 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/579319
17 Cinnamanilide 690158 Street, Renée A., Jasmeen Sidana, and Gerhard Prinsloo.
18 Putrescine 1045 Street, Renée A., Jasmeen Sidana, and Gerhard Prinsloo.
19 Spermidine 1102 Street, Renée A., Jasmeen Sidana, and Gerhard Prinsloo.
20 Crepidiaside A 75528914 Street, Renée A., Jasmeen Sidana, and Gerhard Prinsloo.
21 Cichoralexin 5315718 Street, Renée A., Jasmeen Sidana, and Gerhard Prinsloo.
22 Delphinidin 68245 Street, Renée A., Jasmeen Sidana, and Gerhard Prinsloo. "Cichorium intybus: Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology, Hindawi Publishing Corporation Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2013, Article ID 579319, 13 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/579319

Pharmacological Details

# PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIONS/THERAPEUTIC USES REFERENCES
1 Antimicrobial Activity

Street, Renée A., Jasmeen Sidana, and Gerhard Prinsloo. "Cichorium intybus: Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology, Hindawi Publishing Corporation Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2013, Article ID 579319, 13 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/579319  

Petrovic, J., et al. "Antibacterial activity of Cichorium intybus." Fitoterapia 75.7-8 (2004): 737-739. 

                                                                                                          

Al-Snafi, Ali Esmail. "Medical importance of Cichorium intybus–A review." IOSR Journal of Pharmacy 6.3 (2016): 41-56.                                                      

Verma, Renu, et al. "In vitro antibacterial activity of Cichorium intybus against some pathogenic bacteria." British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 3.4 (2013): 767.                                                                                            

Stefanovic, Olgica D., Dragana D. Stanojevic, and Ljiljana R. Comic. "Synergistic antibacterial activity of Salvia officinalis and Cichorium intybus extracts and antibiotics." Acta Pol Pharm 69.3 (2012): 457-463.   

  Nandagopal, S., and BD Ranjitha Kumari. "Phytochemical and antibacterial studies of Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.)-A multipurpose medicinal plant." Advances in Biological Research 1.1-2 (2007): 17-21.                                             

Jasim, Riyam Sabeeh. "Antioxidant, antimicrobial activities and phytochemical constituents of Cichorium intybus L. aerial parts." International Journal of Botany 14.1 (2018): 24-29.   

                                        

 Gallucci, M. Nicolás, et al. "Silver nanoparticles from leafy green extract of Belgian endive (Cichorium intybus L. var. sativus): Biosynthesis, characterization, and antibacterial activity." Materials Letters 197 (2017): 98-101. 

                                                                                                                                  

Mohamed, Ahmed Emadelddin, et al. "Antibacterial and antioxidant properties of Cichorium intybus extract embedded in chitosan nanocomposite nanofibers." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 215 (2022): 387-397.                                                                         

Sales, Abolfazl Jafari, Nader Nezamdoost Shadbad, and Vahid Purabdollah Kaleybar. "The Investigation of the Antibacterial effects of Ethanol extract of Cichorium intybus L. on Antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains." Bull Env Pharmacol Life Sci 4 (2015): 161-4.                                         

 Afzal, Muhammad, et al. "Antimicrobial activity of extract and fractions of different parts and gc-ms profiling of essential oil of Cichorium intybus extracted by super critical fluid extraction." Asian Journal of Chemistry 26.2 (2014): 531-536.
2 Anthelmintic Activity Street, Renée A., Jasmeen Sidana, and Gerhard Prinsloo. "Cichorium intybus: Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology, Hindawi Publishing Corporation Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2013, Article ID 579319, 13 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/579319                                                                      

Foster, Joyce G., Kimberly A. Cassida, and Kenneth E. Turner. "In vitro analysis of the anthelmintic activity of forage chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) sesquiterpene lactones against a predominantly Haemonchus contortus egg population." Veterinary Parasitology 180.3-4 (2011): 298-306.                   

 Williams, Andrew R., et al. "Anthelmintic activity of chicory (Cichorium intybus): in vitro effects on swine nematodes and relationship to sesquiterpene lactone composition." Parasitology 143.6 (2016): 770-777. 

 Peña-Espinoza, Miguel, et al. "Anthelmintic effects of forage chicory (Cichorium intybus) against free-living and parasitic stages of Cooperia oncophora." Veterinary parasitology 243 (2017): 204-207.                             
Valente, Angela H., et al. "Identification of compounds responsible for the anthelmintic effects of chicory (Cichorium intybus) by molecular networking and bio-guided fractionation." International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance 15 (2021): 105-114.                            

Foster, J. G., K. A. Cassida, and M. A. Sanderson. "Seasonal variation in sesquiterpene lactone concentration and composition of forage chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) cultivars." Grass and Forage Science 66.3 (2011): 424-433.                                                                                                                                            

Khan, Muhammad Farooq, et al. "Cichorins D–F: Three new compounds from Cichorium intybus and their biological effects." Molecules 25.18 (2020): 4160.                                                                                                            
 Shodiyeva, D., and F. Shernazarov. "Analysis of the compounds providing antihelmitic effects of chichorium in  tybus through fractionation." Science and innovation 2.D2 (2023): 64-70.                                                                            
PEÑA-ESPINOZA, M. I. G. U. E. L., and R. O. D. R. I. G. O. LÓPEZ-MUÑOZ. "Elucidating the antiparasitic activity of an anthelmintic forage and its bioactive metabolites: Cichorium intybus." Parasitología Latinoamericana 67.2 (2018): 20-22.                                                                                                               

Tariq, K. A., et al. "Anthelmintic activity of extracts of Artemisia absinthium against ovine nematodes." Veterinary parasitology 160.1-2 (2009): 83-88.  

Saxena, R. A. H. U. L., KUNJ BIHARI Sulakhiya, and M. A. N. O. J. Rathore. "Cichorium intibus Linn.: a review of pharmacological profile." International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research 6.4 (2014): 11-15.                   

Qadir, Insha, et al. "Cichorium Intybus: A Comprehensive Review on Its Pharmacological Activity and Phytochemistry." Edible Plants in Health and Diseases: Volume II: Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties (2022): 373-398.
3 Antimalarial Activity

Street, Renée A., Jasmeen Sidana, and Gerhard Prinsloo. "Cichorium intybus: Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology, Hindawi Publishing Corporation Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2013, Article ID 579319, 13 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/579319                                                                      

Bischoff, Theodore A., et al. "Antimalarial activity of lactucin and lactucopicrin: sesquiterpene lactones isolated from Cichorium intybus L." Journal of ethnopharmacology 95.2-3 (2004): 455-457.

Channotiya, Jiya, et al. "In-silico and Molecular Docking Studies on Germacrene A Synthase enzyme and sesuiterpene lactone (Lactucin) involved in antimalarial activity of Cichorium intybus." Network Modeling Analysis in Health Informatics and Bioinformatics 10 (2021): 1-10.                

Verma, Renu, et al. "In vitro antibacterial activity of Cichorium intybus against some pathogenic bacteria." British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 3.4 (2013): 767.                                                                                                     

Rehman, Ali, et al. "Antibacterial and antifungal study of Cichorium intybus." Asian Pacific Journal of tropical disease 4 (2014): S943-S945.      

Misra, P., et al. "Antimalarial activity of traditional plants against erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium berghei." International Journal of Pharmacognosy 29.1 (1991): 19-23.                                                                                  

 Pathak, Abhishek, et al. "In-silico Approach for Evaluation of Antimalarial Potential of Costunolide Synthase Enzyme and Sesquiterpene Lactones from Cichorium intybus." Letters in Organic Chemistry 20.1 (2023): 61-71.  

Ali, Sofi Imtiyaz, B. Gopalakrishnan, and V. Venkatesalu. "Chicory (Cichorium intybus) and wormwood (Artemisia absinthium) extracts exhibit strong larvicidal activity against mosquito vectors of malaria, dengue fever, and filariasis." Parasitology international 67.6 (2018): 781-786.                   

Sharma, Manju, et al. "Cichorium intybus attenuates streptozotocin induced diabetic cardiomyopathy via inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammatory response in rats." Interdisciplinary toxicology 12.3 (2019): 111.
4 Hepatoprotective Activity Street, Renée A., Jasmeen Sidana, and Gerhard Prinsloo. "Cichorium intybus: Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology, Hindawi Publishing Corporation Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2013, Article ID 579319, 13 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/579319                                              

Jamshidzadeh, Akram, et al. "Hepatoprotective activity of Cichorium intybus L. leaves extract against carbon tetrachloride induced toxicity." Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 5.1 (2006): 41-46.                 
 Nallamilli, Bhaskara Reddy, et al. "Hepatoprotective activity of Cichorium intybus (Linn.) root extract against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in albino Wistar rats." Drug Invention Today 5.4 (2013): 311-314.                                                                                                                                    

Madani, H., et al. "Hepatoprotective activity of Silybum marianum and Cichorium intybus against thioacetamide in rat." Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 7.1 (2008): 172-176.                                                                              
Heibatollah, Sadeghi, et al. "Hepatoprotective effect of Cichorium intybus on CCl4-induced liver damage in rats." Afr J Biochem Res 2.6 (2008): 141-144. 

Elgengaihi, Souad, et al. "Hepatoprotective efficacy of Cichorium intybus L. extract against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in rats." Journal of dietary supplements 13.5 (2016): 570-584.                                                           
Khalid, Amna, et al. "Antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective effect of Cichorium intybus (Kasni) seed extract against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver toxicity in rats." Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 17.8 (2018): 1531-1538.                                                                                                  

 Sultana, Sarwat, et al. "Crude extracts of hepatoprotective plants, Solanum nigrum and Cichorium intybus inhibit free radical-mediated DNA damage." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 45.3 (1995): 189-192.                                   
Moloudi, Mohammad Raman, et al. "Hepatoprotective effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of Cichorium intybus in a rat model of obstructive cholestasis." Arab Journal of Gastroenterology 22.1 (2021): 34-39.           
Saleem, TS Mohamed, et al. "Hepatoprotective herbs—a review." Int J Res Pharm Sci 1.1 (2010): 1-5. 
                                                                                              
Gilani, A. H., and K. H. Janbaz. "Evaluation of the liver protective potential of Cichorium intybus seed extract on Acetaminophen and CCl4-induced damage." Phytomedicine 1.3 (1994): 193-197.                                                   
Bhawna, Sharma, and Sharma Upendra Kumar. "Hepatoprotective activity of some indigenous plants." Int J Pharm Tech Res 4 (2009): 1330-1334.        

Neha, Mathur, et al. "Determination of antioxidant and hepatoprotective ability of flavonoids of Cichorium intybus." International Journal of Toxicological and Pharmacological Research 6.4 (2014): 107-112.                
 Javed, Ghazala, Rasikh Javaid, and Farah Ahmed. "Kasni (Cichorium intybus): a Unani hepatoprotective drug." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 10.4 (2020): 238-241.                                                                                
Atef, M., et al. "Antioxidant, hepatoprotective and in vitro cytotoxic activities of Cichorium intybus L. extract." Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci 9.1 (2021): 137-142.
5 Antidiabetic Activity Street, Renée A., Jasmeen Sidana, and Gerhard Prinsloo. "Cichorium intybus: Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology, Hindawi Publishing Corporation Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2013, Article ID 579319, 13 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/579319                                                                

Pushparaj, P. N., et al. "Anti-diabetic effects of Cichorium intybus in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats." Journal of ethnopharmacology 111.2 (2007): 430-434.                                                                                                                          
Al-Snafi, Ali Esmail. "Medical importance of Cichorium intybus–A review." IOSR Journal of Pharmacy 6.3 (2016): 41-56.
                                                       
Chandra, Kailash, et al. "Antidiabetic, toxicological, and metabolomic profiling of aqueous extract of Cichorium intybus seeds." Pharmacognosy magazine 14.57 (2018): 377-383.                                                                                   
Chandra, K., and Swatantra Kumar Jain. "Therapeutic potential of Cichorium intybus in lifestyle disorders: a review." Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Res 9.3 (2016): 20-25.                                                                                                                                            
Li, Maoru, et al. "Chemometric Discrimination of Cichorium glandulosum Boiss. et Huet and Cichorium intybus L. via Their Metabolic Profiling, Antioxidative, and Hypoglycemic Activities." Foods 12.4 (2023): 901.     

Choudhary, Shailja, Hemlata Kaurav, and Gitika Chaudhary. "Kasani beej (Cichorium intybus): Ayurvedic view, folk view, phytochemistry and modern therapeutic uses." International Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 8.2 (2021): 114-125.                                                 

 Shaikh, Tauseef, et al. "An overview on phytochemical and pharmacological profile of Cichorium intybus Linn." Br J Pharmacol 2.298307 (2010): 5. 

 Akhtar, Md Sohail, et al. "Antidiabetic activity of Cichorium intybus L water extract against streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats." Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Applied Sciences (2023): 1-7.                                             
Katiyar, Praveen, et al. "Kasni (Cichorium intybus L.) A propitious traditional medicinal herb." Int J Pharmacogn 8 (2015): 368-380.                                          

Rub, Rukhsana A., et al. "Screening of Antioxidant & Antidiabetic Potential of Polyphenol rich fraction from Cichorium intybus." Pharmacognosy Journal 6.4 (2014): 92-98.                                                                                       
Muthusamy, V. S., et al. "Tannins present in Cichorium intybus enhance glucose uptake and inhibit adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes through PTP1B inhibition." Chemico-biological interactions 174.1 (2008): 69-78.   
6 Gastroprotective Activity Street, Renée A., Jasmeen Sidana, and Gerhard Prinsloo. "Cichorium intybus: Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology, Hindawi Publishing Corporation Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2013, Article ID 579319, 13 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/579319   
                                                             
 Choudhary, Shailja, Hemlata Kaurav, and Gitika Chaudhary. "Kasani beej (Cichorium intybus): Ayurvedic view, folk view, phytochemistry and modern therapeutic uses." International Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 8.2 (2021): 114-125.                                                  

 Saxena, R. A. H. U. L., KUNJ BIHARI Sulakhiya, and M. A. N. O. J. Rathore. "Cichorium intibus Linn.: a review of pharmacological profile." International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research 6.4 (2014): 11-15.                        

 Javed, Ghazala, Rasikh Javaid, and Farah Ahmed. "Kasni (Cichorium intybus): a Unani hepatoprotective drug." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 10.4 (2020): 238-241.                                                                               
Krylova, S. G., et al. "Effects of Cichorium intybus L. root extract on secretory activity of the stomach in health and ulcer disease." Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 159.5 (2015): 638-642.                        
Mahmood, Rufaida Tarique, et al. "Foeniculum vulgare, Solanum nigrum and Cichorium intybus: A Collectanea of Pharmacological and Clinical uses." Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 14.1 (2021): 555-561.  

Asnaashari, Solmaz, Siavash Dastmalchi, and Yousef Javadzadeh. "Gastroprotective effects of herbal medicines (roots)." International Journal of Food Properties 21.1 (2018): 902-920.  
                    
 Ramakrishnamurthy, Suganya, et al. "In vitro and In silico Analysis of the Anti-diabetic and Anti-microbial Activity of Cichorium intybus Leaf extracts." Current Computer-Aided Drug Design 17.2 (2021): 173-186.
7 Anti-Inflammatory Activity Street, Renée A., Jasmeen Sidana, and Gerhard Prinsloo. "Cichorium intybus: Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology, Hindawi Publishing Corporation Evi dence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2013, Article ID 579319, 13 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/579319                                                                              

Rizvi, Waseem, et al. "Anti-inflammatory activity of roots of Cichorium intybus due to its inhibitory effect on various cytokines and antioxidant activity." Ancient science of life 34.1 (2014): 44.                                                        
Ripoll, Christophe, et al. "Anti-inflammatory effects of a sesquiterpene lactone extract from chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) roots." Natural Product Communications 2.7 (2007): 1934578X0700200702.                                                       
 Al-Snafi, Ali Esmail. "Medical importance of Cichorium intybus–A review." IOSR Journal of Pharmacy 6.3 (2016): 41-56.                                               

Satmbekova, Dinara, et al. "Chemical and biological studies on Cichorium intybus L." Natural product research 32.11 (2018): 1343-1347.                          

Janda, Katarzyna, et al. "The common cichory (Cichorium intybus L.) as a source of extracts with health-promoting properties—a review." Molecules 26.6 (2021): 1814.                                                                                                        
Mulabagal, Vanisree, et al. "Characterization and quantification of health beneficial anthocyanins in leaf chicory (Cichorium intybus) varieties." European Food Research and Technology 230 (2009): 47-53.                    
Bahmani, Mahmoud, et al. "Chicory: A review on ethnobotanical effects of Cichorium intybus L." Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences 8.4 (2015): 672-682.                                                                                                                  
Chandra, K., and Swatantra Kumar Jain. "Therapeutic potential of Cichorium intybus in lifestyle disorders: a review." Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Res 9.3 (2016): 20-25.                                                                                                                                       
Wang, Yu, et al. "Cichorium intybus L. extract suppresses experimental gout by inhibiting the NF-κB and NLRP3 signaling pathways." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20.19 (2019): 4921.                                          
Moloudi, Mohammad Raman, et al. "Hepatoprotective effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of Cichorium intybus in a rat model of obstructive cholestasis." Arab Journal of Gastroenterology 22.1 (2021): 34-39. 

 Pushparaj, P. N., et al. "Anti-diabetic effects of Cichorium intybus in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats." Journal of ethnopharmacology 111.2 (2007): 430-434.
8 Analgesic Activity Street, Renée A., Jasmeen Sidana, and Gerhard Prinsloo. "Cichorium intybus: Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology, Hindawi Publishing Corporation Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2013, Article ID 579319, 13 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/579319   
                                                                    
 Al-Snafi, Ali Esmail. "Medical importance of Cichorium intybus–A review." IOSR Journal of Pharmacy 6.3 (2016): 41-56.                                            

  Wesołowska, Anna, et al. "Analgesic and sedative activities of lactucin and some lactucin-like guaianolides in mice." Journal of ethnopharmacology 107.2 (2006): 254-258.                                                                                                  
 Shaikh, Tauseef, et al. "An overview on phytochemical and pharmacological profile of Cichorium intybus Linn." Br J Pharmacol 2.298307 (2010): 5.  Katiyar, Praveen, et al. "Kasni (Cichorium intybus L.) A propitious traditional medicinal herb." Int J Pharmacogn 8 (2015): 368-380.  
                                         
 Conea, S., et al. "Polyphenolic profile and anti-inflammatory activity of two extracts from Tussilago farfara leaves and Cichorium intybus roots." Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology 20.3 (2016): 5-11.                              

Krylova, S. G., et al. "Effects of Cichorium intybus L. root extract on secretory activity of the stomach in health and ulcer disease." Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 159.5 (2015): 638-642.                           
Saleem, Mohammad, et al. "Anticancer activity of n-hexane extract of Cichorium intybus on lymphoblastic leukemia cells (Jurkat cells)." Afr. J. Plant Sci 8 (2014): 315-319.                                                                                          
 Chandra, K., and Swatantra Kumar Jain. "Therapeutic potential of Cichorium intybus in lifestyle disorders: a review." Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Res 9.3 (2016): 20-25.                                                                                                                                   
Sharma, Manju, et al. "Cichorium intybus attenuates streptozotocin induced diabetic cardiomyopathy via inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammatory response in rats." Interdisciplinary toxicology 12.3 (2019): 111.
9 Antioxidant Activity Street, Renée A., Jasmeen Sidana, and Gerhard Prinsloo. "Cichorium intybus: Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology, Hindawi Publishing Corporation Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2013, Article ID 579319, 13 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/579319                                                                       

Abbas, Zahid Khorshid, et al. "Phytochemical, antioxidant and mineral composition of hydroalcoholic extract of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) leaves." Saudi journal of biological sciences 22.3 (2015): 322-326.              
Shad, M. A., et al. "Determination of some biochemicals, phytochemicals and antioxidant properties of different parts of Cichorium intybus L.: A comparative study." J Anim Plant Sci 23.4 (2013): 1060-1066.                                  
Zeb, Alam, Anisul Haq, and Michael Murkovic. "Effects of microwave cooking on carotenoids, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Cichorium intybus L.(chicory) leaves." European Food Research and Technology 245 (2019): 365-374.
                                                                                         
Liu, Haitao, et al. "Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Cichorium intybus root extract using orthogonal matrix design." Journal of food science 78.2 (2013): M258-M263.                                                                            
 Mohamed, Ahmed Emadelddin, et al. "Antibacterial and antioxidant properties of Cichorium intybus extract embedded in chitosan nanocomposite nanofibers." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 215 (2022): 387-397. 
                                                                     
 Rashed, Khaled Nabih, and Monica Butnariu. "Antimicrobial and antioxidant effects of Cichorium intybus aerial parts and Chemical profile." Egyptian Journal of Chemistry 64.8 (2021): 4689-4696.                                                         
Jančić, Dejan, et al. "Biologically active compounds and antioxidant capacity of Cichorium intybus L. leaves from Montenegro." Italian Journal of Food Science 29.4 (2017): 627-643.                                                                                        
Khalid, Amna, et al. "Antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective effect of Cichorium intybus (Kasni) seed extract against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver toxicity in rats." Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 17.8 (2018): 1531-1538.

El Mehy, M. E. "Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of gamma irradiated chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) leaves and roots." Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor 56.1 (2018): 51-60. 
                                  
Singh, Ravinder, and Khushminder Kaur Chahal. "Cichorium intybus L: A review on phytochemistry and pharmacology." International Journal of Chemical Studies 6.3 (2018): 1272-1280.                                                      
Denev, Panteley, et al. "Determination of biologically active substances in taproot of common chicory (Cichorium intybus L.)." Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies 18 (2014): 124-129.  

Samarghandian, Saeed, Abasalt Borji, and Seyed Hidar Tabasi. "Effects of Cichorium intybus linn on blood glucose, lipid constituents and selected oxidative stress parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats." Cardiovascular & Haematological Disorders-Drug Targets (Formerly Current Drug Targets-Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders) 13.3 (2013): 231-236.                

Das, Sneha, Neeru Vasudeva, and Sunil Sharma. "Cichorium intybus: A concise report on its ethnomedicinal, botanical, and phytopharmacological aspects." Drug Development and Therapeutics 7.1 (2016): 1-1.
10 Antiallergic Activity Street, Renée A., Jasmeen Sidana, and Gerhard Prinsloo. "Cichorium intybus: Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology, Hindawi Publishing Corporation Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2013, Article ID 579319, 13 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/579319                                                                 

Saxena, R. A. H. U. L., KUNJ BIHARI Sulakhiya, and M. A. N. O. J. Rathore. "Cichorium intibus Linn.: a review of pharmacological profile." International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research 6.4 (2014): 11-15.                                                                                                                           

Bahmani, Mahmoud, et al. "Chicory: A review on ethnobotanical effects of Cichorium intybus L." Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences 8.4 (2015): 672-682.                                                                                  
Pathak, Abhishek, et al. "Cichorium intybus: A review on its medicinal importance." Journal Of Veterinary Pharmacology And Toxicology 21.1 (2022): 1-8.                                                                                                            
Guo, Miao-miao, et al. "Anti-allergic activity of natural plant products for the treatment of sensitive skin: A review." Pharmacological Research-Modern Chinese Medicine 3 (2022): 100117.                                                  
Ahamad, Shadab, et al. "In silico Exploration of Interaction Profile of Fructan 6G-Fructosyltransferase (6G-FTT) Enzyme with its Substrate 1-Kestose From Cichorium Intybus in Order to Determine Active Site of this Conjugation." Letters in Organic Chemistry 20.7 (2023): 612-617.                   

Lee, Na Young, et al. "Effect of chicoric acid on mast cell-mediated allergic inflammation in vitro and in vivo." Journal of natural products 78.12 (2015): 2956-2962.

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